Phytoplankton represents the primary trophic level in marine pelagic ecosystems, through which most biological material produced by photosynthesis is further channelled through the foodweb via grazing by zooplankton. Therefore, the level and variability of primary production is believed to be an important factor for fish recruitment and growth. The Nordic seas are important feeding areas for la...

This is the first of a two-part investigation of a coupled wind and wave model that includes the enhanced form drag of breaking waves. In Part I here the model is developed and applied to mature seas. Part II explores the solutions in a wide range of wind and wave conditions, including growing seas. Breaking and nonbreaking waves induce air-side fluxes of momentum and energy above the air–sea i...

Shelf and coastal seas are regions of exceptionally high biological productivity, high rates of biogeochemical cycling and immense socio-economic importance. They are, however, poorly represented by the present generation of Earth system models, both in terms of resolution and process representation. Hence, these models cannot be used to elucidate the role of the coastal ocean in global biogeoc...

ABSTRACT. This study aimed to nondestructively evaluate sealing performance of eight one-step self-etch adhesives (1-SEAs) using optical coherence tomography (OCT). The two-step self-etch adhesive (2-SEA) served as the control. Round tapered class-I cavities (D=4 mm, H=2 mm) were prepared in bovine incisors, treated with each adhesive (n=5), and restored with a flowable resin composite. Cross-s...