Despite a large body of safety data, concern exists that porcine zonae pellucidae (PZP) immunocontraception--used to manage wild horse populations--may cause out-of-season births with resulting foal mortality. Our study at Assateague, Maryland indicated the effects of immunocontraception on season of birth and foal survival between 1990 and 2002 on wild horses from Assateague Island. Among 91 m...

Schizophrenia is associated with a modest increase in winter births as well as increased odds of being born in more densely populated and midrange latitude regions. It is unclear the degree to which these findings hold for individuals with schizotypy, defined in terms of the personality organization that is a potential precursor to schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. This issue is important for u...

The influence of paratypical factors (the age mothers and the season birth) on indicators reproductive qualities black-and-white cows different periods has been studied. studies were conducted two groups for first third lactation, depending mothers, four – birth season. shortest service period was characterized by first-born heifers born from mother in calving (group I) - 96.4 days, which is 9....

Extreme natural ambient light reduction, in both energy and range of wavelength spectrum, occurs during the winter season at very high latitudes (above the Arctic Circle or 66 degrees 32' North) that in turn results in increased exposure to artificial lighting. In contrast, during the summer months, the sun remains above the horizon and there is no darkness or night. Little is known about these...

BACKGROUND In a rural area of the Gambia, West Africa, young adults born in the 'hungry' season had a high excess of deaths (mortality ratios (MR): 3.7 from 14.5 years and 10.3 from 25 years, P < 0.0001). Among several potential causal factors, fetal undernutrition was considered the most plausible. This study is a similar analysis of children and young adults living in rural Senegal, close to ...

Research has consistently found that the month of a child’s birth is associated with later outcomes involving health, education, and earnings; what drives this association remains unclear. In this paper we consider a new and previously-overlooked explanation—that children born at different times in the year are conceived by women with different socioeconomic characteristics. We document extreme...

Extreme weather events are related to low birth weight. Monitoring this relationship in the context of climate change has a wide range of public health implications, as birth weight is a key indicator of many life course health outcomes, and climate change increases both frequency and intensity of extreme weather events. However, most birth weight data are not available with sufficient spatial ...