In a first-order reversed-phi motion stimulus (Anstis, 1970), the black-white contrast of successive frames is reversed, and the direction of apparent motion may, under some conditions, appear to be reversed. It is demonstrated here that, for many classes of stimuli, this reversal is a mathematical property of the stimuli themselves, and the real problem is in perceiving forward motion, which i...

Second-order cone programming (SOCP) problems are convex optimization problems in which a linear function is minimized over the intersection of an affine linear manifold with the Cartesian product of second-order (Lorentz) cones. Linear programs, convex quadratic programs and quadratically constrained convex quadratic programs can all be formulated as SOCP problems, as can many other problems t...

We investigate the extent of second order characterizable structures by extending Shelah’s Main Gap dichotomy to second order logic. For this end we consider a countable complete first order theory T . We show that all sufficiently large models of T have a characterization up to isomorphism in the extension of second order logic obtained by adding a little bit of infinitary logic if and only if...

Metaprogramming, in the sense used in this paper (rather than the programming template sense) is the use of a collection of programs which orchestrates other (possibly collections of) programs. One of the requirements of the metaprogramming code is that it must collectively develop a sense of what the situation is and what should be done as a result. Situation awareness is an example technique ...

In this paper, we propose a comprehensive study of second-order consistencies (i.e., consistencies identifying inconsistent pairs of values) for constraint satisfaction. We build a full picture of the relationships existing between four basic second-order consistencies, namely path consistency (PC), 3-consistency (3C), dual consistency (DC) and 2-singleton arc consistency (2SAC), as well as the...

We complete the classification of second order, bundle valued differential operator invariants of Riemannian and pseudo-Riemannian conformal structure, by classifying such operators which pass between bundles associated to different representations of the rotation or spin group.

We present second-order value numbering, a new optimization method for suppressing redundancy, in a version tailored to the application for optimizing the decision procedure of jMosel, a verification tool set for monadic second-order logic on strings (M2L(Str)). The method extends the well-known concept of value numbering to consider not merely values, but semantics transformers that can be eff...

Knowledge involves belief. Belief is a propositional attitude, i.e. an attitude that a subject holds towards a proposition. If a subject S knows that P and the proposition P involves no further knowledge attribution, let us say that S possesses first-order knowledge. On the other hand, if S knows that P and the proposition P involves a knowledge attribution, let us say that S possesses higher-o...

There is mounting evidence that there are three parallel streams of visual motion computation—firstand second-order systems that are primarily monocular and a third-order binocular system (Lu & Sperling, 1995a, 1995b, 1996c). The first-order system extracts motion from drifting luminance modulations, and the secondorder system extracts motion from drifting texture contrast modulations. These pr...