BACKGROUND Clinical guidelines generally portray acute low back pain as a benign and self-limiting condition. However, evidence about the clinical course of acute low back pain is contradictory and the risk of subsequently developing chronic low back pain remains uncertain. There are few high quality prognosis studies and none that have measured pain, disability and return to work over a 12 mon...

let r be a commutative ring with non-zero identity and m be a unital r-module. then the concept of quasi-secondary submodules of m is introduced and some results concerning this class of submodules is obtained

The built up layer thickness in secondary deformation zone is one of the important parameters in metal cutting process. The built up layer (BUL) is formed in second deformation zone near the tool-chip interface in the back of the chip. This parameter influences the tool life and machined surface quality. This BUL should not be confused with the built up edge (BUE). The deformation of the BUL in...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to quantify rates of back pain among whitewater rafting guides and to look for correlations between the presence of back pain and specific activities associated with guiding. The secondary objective was to provide suggestions for outfitters according to the results of this study, which may be of assistance to their guide staff. METHODS A mail-out-mail-b...

More than 30% of U.S. adults report having experienced low back pain within the preceding three months. Although most low back pain is nonspecific and self-limiting, a subset of patients develop chronic low back pain, defined as persistent symptoms for longer than three months. Low back pain is categorized as nonspecific low back pain without radiculopathy, low back pain with radicular symptoms...

introduction: pilonidal sinus is a common disease in sacrococcygeal area, which mostly caught young people and cause disability, which needs complete rest at home and taking off from work. although the surgical treatment of this problem goes back to the last century, still optimal treatment is a controversy. recent studies have raised different surgical approaches, so that there is no general a...

STUDY DESIGN A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of active rehabilitation on functional outcome after lumbar spinal stenosis surgery when compared with "usual postoperative care." SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Surgery rates for lumbar spinal stenosis have risen, yet outcomes remain suboptimal. Postoperative rehabilitation has been suggested a...

BACKGROUND Acupuncture is widely-used to treat patients with low back pain, despite insufficient evidence of the technique's efficacy for acute back pain. Motion style acupuncture treatment (MSAT) is a non-traditional acupuncture treatment requiring a patient to exercise while receiving acupuncture. In Korea, MSAT is used to reduce musculoskeletal pain and improve functional status. The study a...

Back pain is a major cause of disability worldwide. A case of a 29 year old Caucasian woman with low back pain secondary to an uncommon benign condition called osteitis condensans ilii is presented and the literature is reviewed. Limited information in the literature combined with poor awareness across the specialty and among the primary care physicians leads to an extensive investigation and m...

Amprenavir is a protease inhibitor that has been shown to have secondary peaks postulated to be due to enterohepatic recycling. We propose a model to describe the pharmacokinetics of amprenavir which accommodates the secondary peak(s). A total of 82 healthy human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seronegative subjects were administered a single 600-mg dose of amprenavir as part of adult AIDS Clinica...