To examine the regional mechanical effects of selective genioglossus muscle activation on pharyngeal airway size and function, magnetic resonance images of the pharyngeal airway were obtained in five paralyzed, anesthetized cats over a range of positive and negative pressures in an isolated, sealed upper airway. When all results across pressure levels and pharyngeal regions were analyzed, genio...

Cross-sectional echocardiography was used to quantify volume in 21 canine left ventricles that were fixed in formalin and immersed in mineral oil. Area, length and diameter measurements were obtained from short- and long-axis cross-sectional images of the left ventricle and volume was calculated by seven mathematic models. Calculated volume was then compared, by linear regression and percent er...

[Purpose] This study examined the effects of neuromuscular joint facilitation on bridging exercises by assessing the cross-sectional area of the multifidus muscle and thickness of the musculus transversus abdominis. [Subjects] Twelve healthy men. [Methods] Four exercises were evaluated: (a) supine resting, (b) bridging resistance exercise involving posterior pelvic tilting, (c) bridging resista...

Ractopamine-HCl was approved for use in the swine industry in 1999 and is sold under the trade name Paylean®. As of 2003 ractopamine-HCl has been approved for use in cattle fed in confinement during the last 24 to 42 d of feeding before harvest and is sold under the trade name Optaflexx®. In numerous studies with swine and emerging data with cattle, when supplemented before harvest following la...

The height, width and cross-sectional area of the bullfrog amphibian papilla tectorial membrane were quantitatively analysed from frontal serial sections. The cross-sectional area (which is a measure of mass) of the tectorium does not appear to be linearly graded along the length of the papilla, but rather spatial gradations occur in more or less a step-wise manner. The spatially graded area (o...

Background Measurements of coronary cross-sectional area are utilized in vasomotor tone and endothelial function studies, which typically employ breath-held, 2-D multi-slice imaging protocols wherein slices are prescribed orthogonally to a linear vessel segment (Fig 1a) [1],[2]. An ovoid template is then manually fitted to the transverse vessel images (Fig 1b) to measure cross-sectional area. P...

introduction: currently, neuroresearchers report that the median nerve shows severity-correlated intracarpal enlargement in idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome (cts) as a most common peripheral neuropathic disorder. the purpose of this paper was to investigate ultrasonography morphological findings in patients with idiopathic cts and comparing some physical properties such as age, gender, bmi wit...

in order to determine the effect of valsalva maneuver and head rotation on the internal jugular vein (ijv) diameter and cross-sectional area and overlap with the carotid artery (ca) and find the best technique for safe cannulation of the ijv and decrease the risk of ca puncture, the diameter of both the ijv and the ca and percentage of overlap between the two vessels and cross-sectional area of...

The purpose of this study was to conduct static load-bearing tests on 4-unit Y-TZP all-ceramic fixed partial denture (FPD) frameworks with different cross-sectional areas and forms to evaluate the influence of connector design on fracture load. Each of the central, mesial and distal connectors was prepared with one of 2 different cross-sectional areas and one of 3 different forms (one circular ...