Social security and social protection concepts are gaining importance, especially in the Pacific Island countries (PICs). The state-led welfare and social protection system is limited in PICs, where there has been a heavy reliance on traditional, informal and non-state social protection systems which are provided through extended family, kinship, and community. The aim of the paper is to examin...

This article examines the historical origins and legislative development of the U.S. Social Security program. Focusing on the contributory social insurance program introduced in title II of the Social Security Act of 1935, the article traces the major amendments to the original program and provides an up-to-date description of the major provisions of the system. The article concludes with a bri...

as cost of living rises and people’s wages / salaries do not cover their basic food and dietary needs, interest in parttime farming has risen. part-time farming activities are being practiced by different people as a food security strategy from vulnerable households. but these part-time farms have had limited success in providing food/nutrition security, increasing incomes and improving well-be...

Critical infrastructures are vital assets for public safety, economic welfare, and the national security of nations [...]

With the establishment of the system of public rental housing supply, the vulnerable group would get great benefit in the promotion of social welfare, however, due to the existence of price gap and the imperfection of the public rental housing system, the game relationship formed between the management authority and the security object. Based on the definition to the security object in the publ...

In this paper we identify conditions under which the introduction of a pay-as-you-go social security system is ex-ante Pareto-improving in a stochastic overlapping generations economy with capital accumulation and land. We argue that these conditions are consistent with many calibrations of the model used in the literature. In our model financial markets are complete and competitive equilibria ...