The synergistic effect of three phytochemicals, nonacosan-10-ol, 23a-homostigmast-5-en-3β-ol and cisand transprotopinium were assessed in four combinations and three concentrations (5, 50 and 100 μg ml-1) against Meloidogyne incognita, in vitro and in planta on the tomato cultivar Riogrande. Additionally, an in vitro phytotoxicity test on tomato seedlings was performed with the same phytochemic...

Nonlethal management alternatives are needed to reduce avian depredation of agricultural crops. Caffeine has promise as an effective, economical, and environmentally safe avian repellent, yet formulation improvements are needed for field applications. We included sodium benzoate in subsequent formulations to enhance the solubility of caffeine. Red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) discrim...

In perennial grasslands R. obtusifolius (broad-leaved dock) is often surrounded by certain plant species. Thus, it is hypothesized for the current study that Rumex can affect their neighbouring plant species by allelopathic interactions. To test this hypothesis, in a series of laboratory and field experiments aqueous extracts of green R. obtusifolius leaves were sprayed on seeds of 14 herbaceou...

A novel multiplex PCR method was developed for simultaneous event-specific detection of four events of GM maize, i.e., DAS-59122-7, MIR604, MON88017, and MON863. The single laboratory examination of analytical performance using simulated DNA mixtures containing GM DNA at various concentrations in non-GM DNA suggested that the limits of detection (LOD) of the multiplex PCR method were 0.16% for ...

The effects of gas composition on the productivity of biomass and intra-cellular fatty acids were investigated in semi-batch cultures of a green alga Chlorococcum littorale (C. littorale) with gas flowing at 100 ml/min under the conditions of temperature of 22 C and light intensity of 4200 lx. Growth rates were enhanced and total fatty acids contents increased by flowing an O2-free gas mixture ...

We performed a number of tests with the aim to develop an effective extraction method for the analysis of carotenoid content in maize seed. Mixtures of methanol-ethyl acetate (6:4, v/v) and methanol-tetrahydrofuran (1:1, v/v) were the most effective solvent systems for carotenoid extraction from maize endosperm under the conditions assayed. In addition, we also addressed sample preparation prio...

The nature and kinetics of reactions in dry seeds determines how long the seeds survive. We used gas chromatography to assay volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from seeds of three unrelated species as a means to non-invasively probe chemical changes during very dry, dry, and humid storage (seeds were dried to 5.5, 33, and 75% relative humidity at room temperature). VOCs emitted from seed...

Austral summer frosts in the Andean highlands are ubiquitous throughout the crop cycle, causing yield losses. In spite of the existing warming trend, climate change models forecast high variability, including freezing temperatures. As the potato center of origin, the region has a rich biodiversity which includes a set of frost resistant genotypes. Four contrasting potato genotypes--representing...

1 Corresponding author: [email protected]; 352-392-9981 ABSTRACT: There are several alternative herbicides with different modes of action for control of invasive plants in natural areas. Of the four classes of herbicides commonly used on invasive plants in natural areas of Florida, the acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors, imazapyr, imazapic, and metsulfuron methyl, are the most likely...

Introduced and invasive species have been recognized as potential threats to natural plant communities. Many such plant species are introduced along roadways, which then can spread to adjacent fields and forests. The West Virginia Division of Highways is required to develop seeding mixtures comprised of native plants for revegetating highway corridors and thereby to reduce the potential for int...