U NLIKE DIDACTIC APPROACHES that dominated both lecture and mediated instruction in the past, systems are emerging that are designed to extend the unique inquiry priorities and needs of learners. Student-centered learning environments (SCLEs) provide complimentary activities that enable individuals to address unique learning interests and needs. They invite learner engagement through relevant p...

In this paper we present NewsFlash, an adaptive search system that assists a searcher to efficiently search a library of stored TV news reports. The system automatically summarises the closed-caption subtitles embedded in the TV broadcasts and selects appropriate sentences to best describe report content in respect to the searcher’s query. During interaction the system selects useful terms from...

every year, a part of the national capital of the country is lost due to the disorders of traffic. an important part of the traffic disorders is caused by the improper behavior of some users of urban transport system. such a situation is contrary to the principles of smart growth and urban sustainability. the study of traffic conflicts as a symbol of the society culture of traffic can lead city...

The following paper explores the tensions in cluster development policy arising from the combination of different economic spaces on which cluster policies can be targeted and the different levels of governance which produce them. In seeking to enhance industrial competitiveness at different spatial scales, the contrasting strategies of national and regional/local authorities towards cluster de...

The chemical industry extensively researches and tests its products to implement product stewardship commitments and to ensure compliance with governmental requirements. In this commentary we argue that a wide variety of mechanisms enable policymakers and the public to assure themselves that studies performed or funded by industry are identified as such, meet high scientific standards, and are ...

The ethical implications of the growth of for-profit health care institutions are complex. Two major moral criticisms of for-profit medicine are analyzed. The first claim is that for-profit health care institutions fail to fulfill their obligations to do their fair share in providing health care to the poor and so exacerbate the problem of access to health care. The second claim is that profit ...