The critical zone (CZ) is the region of Earth’s surface that extends from bottom weathered bedrock to tree canopy and important because its ability store water support ecosystems. A growing number studies use active source shallow seismic refraction explore define size structure CZ across landscapes. However, measurement uncertainty model resolution at depth are generally not evaluated, which m...

Abstract The Vettore–Bove normal fault system in central Italy ruptured during the 2016 M W 6.5 Norcia earthquake causing extensive surface faulting. At Pian Grande di Castelluccio hanging wall basin, along southern section of mainshock, we performed a high‐resolution seismic reflection/refraction experiment aimed at (a) imaging shallow pattern system, and (b) reconstructing architecture contin...