This edition of Select highlights recent papers that explore some of the ever-evolving strategies that are used by microbes to subvert eukaryotic immune systems, and by host cells to fight off bacterial and viral pathogens. A number of intracellular pathogens, including Shigella flexneri, the causative agent of dysentery, co-opt the cytoskeletal elements of their host cells. These bacterial pat...

Ongoing efforts to link patterns of neural activity to cognition and behavior entail the use of an impressive range of techniques, from single-cell recording to functional magnetic resonance imaging. Recent discoveries in systems neuroscience, highlighted in this issue's Neurobiology Select, include evidence that humans use grid cells for spatial navigation and a report linking small variations...

Viruses are the scourge of mankind, causing devastating pandemics such as the 1918 Spanish flu and AIDS. This Virology Select highlights new studies that shed light on how viruses invade host cells so efficiently and how they evade the host immune response by stowing away in immune cells or by constantly changing their surface armor. The opening decade of the 21 st century witnessed the first f...

The inflammatory response—characterized by release of cytokines such as TNFa and IL-1b and infiltration of infected or injured tissue by macrophages and neutrophils—is the first line of defense against infection by pathogens. Although an early inflammatory response is beneficial in stemming the tide of infection, a prolonged response may result in severe illness or even death. For example, the ...

A select operation that is part of an expression applying to a relational database is decomposed into one or more independent select operations for the purpose of optimising the relational expression. The select expression is treated as a logical expression. From the canonical form of this expression an optimal conjunctive form is obtained which can be decomposed into separate select operations...

This paper presents implementations of a few selected SQL operations using the CUDA programming framework on the GPU platform. Nowadays, the GPU’s parallel architectures give a high speed-up on certain problems. Therefore, the number of non-graphical problems that can be run and sped-up on the GPU still increases. Especially, there has been a lot of research in data mining on GPUs. In many case...

conclusions in this study, we proposed a new computer aided diagnostic tool for the detection and classification of breast cancer. the obtained results showed that the proposed method is more reliable in diagnostic to assist the radiologists in the detection of abnormal data and to improve the diagnostic accuracy. results after classification with the ensemble supervised algorithm, the performa...