Selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) modulators (SPPARγMs) have been actively pursued as the next generation of insulin-sensitizing antidiabetic drugs, because the currently marketed PPARγ full agonists, pioglitazone and rosiglitazone, have been reported to produce serious adverse effects among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We conducted extensive transcriptom...

In the endeavor to obtain new antitrypanosomal agents, particularly sesquiterpene lactones, from Kenyan plants of the family Asteraceae, Vernonia cinerascens Sch. Bip. was investigated. Bioactivity-guided fractionation and isolation in conjunction with LC/MS-based dereplication has led to the identification of vernodalol (1) and isolation of vernodalin (2), 11β,13-dihydrovernodalin (3), 11β,13-...

OBJECTIVE The ability of the native larvivorous fish Aplocheilus panchax (Hamilton, 1822) (Cyprinodontiformes: Aplocheilidae) as predator of mosquito larvae was assessed under laboratory conditions using multiple prey and habitat conditions. METHODS The consumption of larvae of the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus Say 1823 (Diptera: Culicidae) by A. panchax was evaluated in the presence of tub...

Cancer is the second most common cause of death in the USA. Among the known classes of anticancer agents, the microtubule-targeted antimitotic drugs are considered to be one of the most important. They are usually classified into microtubule-destabilizing (e.g., Vinca alkaloids) and microtubule-stabilizing (e.g., paclitaxel) agents. Combretastatin A4 (CA-4), which is a natural stilbene isolated...

Essential oils are complex natural mixtures, their main constituents, e.g. terpenes and phenylpropanoids, being responsible for their biological properties. Essential oils from eucalyptus, tea tree and thyme and their major monoterpene compounds alpha-terpinene, gamma-terpinene, alpha-pinene, p-cymene, terpinen-4-ol, alpha-terpineol, thymol, citral and 1,8-cineole were examined for their antivi...

New derivatives of synthetic 5,5-diphenylhydantoin (phenytoin) were prepared by N-alkylation with 1,3-dibromopropane. Subsequent treatment with sodium azide led to the respective azide. Reaction of the azide with phenylacetylene and 2-hydroxy-3-butyne and oxidation of the resulting alcohol with MnO2 resulted in three triazolic compounds that were evaluated in vitro for their antiviral activity ...

Neurons in the visual cortex of all examined mammals exhibit orientation or direction tuning. New imaging techniques are allowing the circuit mechanisms underlying orientation and direction selectivity to be studied with clarity that was not possible a decade ago. However, these new techniques bring new challenges: robust quantitative measurements are needed to evaluate the findings from these ...

Current animal models of antipsychotic activity that have the capacity to dissociate between typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs (APDs) have two drawbacks: they require previous administration of a psychotomimetic drug, and they achieve the dissociation by demonstrating effectiveness of atypical but not typical APDs, thus losing specificity and selectivity for APDs. The present experiments...

This paper uses high-quality and previously unused data from the Mexican Family Life Survey (MxFLS) to examine the selectivity by labor market skill of male migrants to the United States, and how the selectivity of migrants changes as costs and bene…ts of migration change. We con…rm that Mexican migrants are selected from the middle of the education distribution, and present similar evidence of...