In the event of a wide area release and contamination of a biological agent in an outdoor environment and to building exteriors, decontamination is likely to consume the Nation's remediation capacity, requiring years to cleanup, and leading to incalculable economic losses. This is in part due to scant body of efficacy data on surface areas larger than those studied in a typical laboratory (5×10...

We consider the problem of decontaminating an infected network using as few mobile cleaning agents as possible and avoiding recontamination. After a cleaning agent has left a vertex v, this vertex will become recontaminated if m or more of its neighbours are infected, where m ≥ 1 is a threshold parameter of the system indicating the local immunity level of the network. This network decontaminat...

Abstract Limited transport efficiency of remediation reagents in the subsurface environment is regarded as a key challenge facing situ soil remediation. Herein, taking advantage natural hollow fibers, tubular micromotors capable autonomous movement to facilitate migration and achieve efficient degradation organic pollutants are developed. Widely‐used nanocatalysts treatment, Fe 3 O 4 MnO 2 , in...

Introduction Remediation of environment polluted with toxic chemical warfare agents (CWA) is a challenging task for authorities who deal with public health and environmental safety. Abnormal health symptoms appear when the human beings are exposed to these hazardous chemicals. Decontamination of surface or environment tainted with these toxic chemicals is the main job we have to do, to avoid he...

Contamination of surfaces by nanomaterials can happen due to accidental spillage and release or gradual accumulation during processing or handling. Considering the increasingly wide use of nanomaterials in industry and research labs and also taking into account the diversity of physical and chemical properties of different nanomaterials (such as solubility, aggregation/agglomeration, and surfac...

The emergency management of poisoning is important in reducing the risk of mortality and morbidity in poisoned patients. This article reviews the Hong Kong system of prehospital and emergency care of poisoning, with reference to recent advances in this field. Administering activated charcoal is recommended for the gastro-intestinal decontamination of most poisons, unless doing so is contra-indi...

Fallout from the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant accident resulted in a 3000-km2 radioactive contamination plume. Here, we model the progressive dilution of the radiocesium contamination in 327 sediment samples from two neighboring catchments with different timing of soil decontamination. Overall, we demonstrate that there has been a ~90% decrease of the contribution of upstream contamin...