Undertreatment of pain and lack of knowledge about pain management have been evident for approximately two decades. Because nurses are often the cornerstone of pain management, nurses' knowledge in this area is especially important. This paper explores indications of progress in the level of nursing knowledge about basic aspects of pain management. The literature is reviewed and findings from r...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Patient Perceptions of Empowerment Scale (PPES) and to perform a cross-cultural validity assessment. METHODS In this cross-sectional survey, 554 inpatients in three general hospitals in northern Taiwan were recruited. Principal component analysis was used to examine the factor structure of the scale. Confirmatory...

BACKGROUND For patients with diabetes, clinical practice guidelines recommend treating to a low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) goal of < 2.59 mmol/L (100 mg/dL) and a blood pressure (BP) target of <130/80 mmHg. This analysis assessed recent trends in the utilization of lipid-lowering and BP-lowering agents, as well as LDL-C and BP goal attainment, in the U.S. adult diabetic population....

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of a parenting programme as a preventive intervention with parents of preschool children considered to be at risk of developing conduct disorder. DESIGN Pragmatic randomised controlled trial using a block design with allocation by area. SETTING Eleven Sure Start areas in north and mid-Wales. PARTICIPANTS 153 parents from socially disadvantaged areas...

After playing the Chicken game against an anonymous random opponent, players report their beliefs about their opponent’s action. The reported beliefs are not consistent with the standard theory of rational choice, which predicts a negative correlation between a player’s action in the Chicken game and the probability he assigns to his opponent choosing the same action. On the other hand, the rep...

greater transparency. Powerful pressure is being exerted on journalism itself, they observe, which must now serve multiple global audiences, many of whom are equipped with sufficient information from alternative media to challenge mainstream news reports. Professionals have been placed in dialogue with citizens, the latter with their own forms of expression distributed easily through online pla...

STUDY OBJECTIVE To investigate the relation between housing, socioeconomic status, and self reported general and mental health. This study is an empirical investigation of social and economic dimensions of housing, specifically, demand, control, and material (affordability, dwelling type) and meaningful (pride in dwelling, home as a refuge) dimensions of everyday life as they occur in the domes...

OBJECTIVE To test whether higher levels of general competence are linked to more frequent use of refusal assertiveness that is in turn related to less subsequent smoking among inner city adolescents. METHODS Longitudinal study conducted during three year middle school or junior high school period. A sample of 1459 students attending 22 middle (ages 11-14 years) and junior high (ages 12-15 yea...

INTRODUCTION Patients living alone or having a low socioeconomic status are likely to quit cardiac rehabilitation. We aimed to compare patients being offered extended rehabilitation (ERP) with those being offered standard rehabilitation (SRP) as concerns 1) attendance rates and 2) achievement of treatment goals at 12 months. MATERIAL AND METHODS During a five-year period, 508 consecutive myoc...

OBJECTIVES Underweight, overweight, and obese women aged 18-34 years were compared with normal weight women of the corresponding age according to socioeconomic, psychosocial, health behaviour, self reported global and psychological health, and locus of control characteristics. METHODS The 2000 public health survey in Scania is a cross-sectional study. A total 13,715 persons aged 18-80 years, ...