Spin qubits, employing the fundamental quantum property of intrinsic angular momentum individual electrons and nuclei, continue to develop evolve. Lithographically patterned semiconductor chips play host spin-qubit systems in which long coherence times, high-fidelity gates, single-shot measurement are now routine. This review summarizes progress four current qubit types: single spin donor singl...

Since the discovery of photocatalytic ability TiO2 electrodes to decompose water [...]