China is one of the principal origins of ponies in the world. We made a comprehensive analysis of genetic diversity and population structure of Chinese ponies based on 174 animals of five indigenous Chinese pony breeds from five provinces using 13 microsatellite markers. One hundred and forty-four alleles were detected; the mean number of effective alleles among the pony breeds ranged from...

Previous research on physical layer network coding (PNC) focuses on the improvements in bandwidth usage efficiency. Its capability to assist wireless nodes in localization was first discussed in [1]. In that paper, however, the authors discussed only the basic idea to detect and separate the interfered signals for calculating the node positions. Many important issues to turn the idea into a pra...

This chapter proposes a test for parametric specification of the autoregressive function given stationary time series. is based on integrated square difference between empirical distribution estimate and convolution-type obtained from residuals. Some asymptotic properties proposed are studied when model’s innovation density unknown. These in turn used to derive null statistic. We also discuss s...

In this paper we propose a new fast grid search algorithm for finding the least square estimators of step regression model. This makes it practical to compute resampling-based confidence intervals models. We introduce five data generating models, including one where mean model is (model correctly specified) and four models are not misspecified), use them study coverage probabilities two types r...

many empirical papers have applied a semi-parametric two-stage procedure named tobit model to investigate the sources of inefficiency in different industries over the last two decades. using this approach in small samples has recently been criticized for a possible bias in its results. in very recent papers simar and wilson (2007) have tackled this problem by suggesting an alternative bootstrap...

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This paper describes the economic intent of a proposed change to the Internet protocol. Denial of service is the extreme of a spectrum of anti-social behaviour problems it aims to solve, but without unduly restricting unexpected new uses of the Internet. By internalising externalities and removing information asymmetries it should trigger evolutionary deployment of protections for Internet user...