Working papers of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland are preliminary materials circulated to stimulate discussion and critical comment on research in progress. They may not have been subject to the formal editorial review accorded offi cial Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland publications. The views stated herein are those of the authors and are not necessarily those of the Federal Reserve Ban...

Will we succeed this time? No one knows, but even a brief acquaintance with the history of terrorism should make us more sensitive to the difficulties ahead. To this end, I will briefly describe rebel terrorism in the last 135 years to show how deeply implanted it has become in modern culture. The discussion is divided into two sections. The first describes the four waves of modern terror, and ...

After the attack on the World Trade Center on September 11, many firms, directly affected by the attack, resumed trading when markets reopened less than a week later. How were these companies able to respond, working under conditions of fear and grief, so quickly and effectively? Drawing on conversations with executives and employees in financial service firms with offices in the World Trade Ce...

CONTEXT The September 11, 2001, attacks against the United States provide a unique opportunity to examine longitudinally the process of adjustment to a traumatic event on a national scale. OBJECTIVE To examine the degree to which demographic factors, mental and physical health history, lifetime exposure to stressful events, September 11-related experiences, and coping strategies used shortly ...

community in the aftermath of the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon is to determine whether these hor-rific events on 11 September 2001 will have continuing consequences for the health of the public. Workers, community residents, policy makers, and the press are asking us daily about the possible short-and long-term health threats of asbestos, silica, airborne dust, h...

After introducing a perspective on terrorism as postpolitical and after establishing the criteria for success that are immanent in this form of antipolitical action, this essay interprets September 11, 2001, and its aftermath inside a cultural-sociological perspective. After introducing a macro-model of social performance that combines structural and semiotic with pragmatic and power-oriented d...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether the climate of increased anxiety following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, and the subsequent anthrax cases led to increased anxiety-related physician visits. METHOD We undertook a retrospective, population-based study of all Ontario residents. We identified physician visits using Ontario's universal health care insurance program. Interventional aut...

The September 11, 2001, attacks galvanized local and national resources in perhaps the most remarkable mental health research and services effort in history. A sense of urgency surrounding the New York City, Washington, DC, and Pennsylvania attacks seemed to pervade all aspects of the community, from those who served our community and its bereaved families, to government officials, to scientist...