Since serotonin and its antagonists affect shelf rotation in mouse embryo culture, experiments were carried out to determine whether a serotonergic system is present in the palate. Employing [3H]5-HT, day-14.5 embryos incorporated the monoamine into palates. Active uptake of [3H]5-HT was shown since excised palates incorporated 9-fold more radioactivity at 37 degrees C than at 4 degrees C. Synt...

Introduction: Previous studies have shown that ghrelin inhibits the activity of Hypothalamus –Pituitary – Thyroid (H–P-T) axis. It is also proved that ghrelin increases appetite via Agouti Related Protein and neuropeptide Y pathway, decreases T3 & T4 secretion and inhibits serotonin release from hypothalamic synaptosomes. Serotonin may interact with ghrelin in control of thyroid hormones secr...

The amphetamine derivative 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) reverses dopamine and serotonin transporters to produce efflux of dopamine and serotonin, respectively, in regions of the brain that have been implicated in reward. However, the role of serotonin/dopamine interactions in the behavioral effects of MDMA remains unclear. We previously showed that MDMA-induced locomotion, ...

The basal ganglia (BG) play a critical role in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). Recent studies indicate that serotoninergic systems modulate BG activity and may be implicated in the pathophysiology and treatment of PD. The globus pallidus (GP), the rodent homologue of the primate GPe, is the main central nucleus of the basal ganglia, affecting the striatum, the ...

The serotonergic system plays an important role in cognitive functions via various 5-HT receptors. Vortioxetine (Lu AA21004) in development as a novel multimodal antidepressant is a 5-HT3, 5-HT7 and 5-HT1D receptor antagonist, a 5-HT1B receptor partial agonist, a 5-HT1A receptor agonist and a 5-HT transporter (5-HTT) inhibitor in vitro. Preclinical studies suggest that 5-HT3 and 5-HT7 receptor ...

We examined whether the T102C polymorphism of the serotonin receptor 2A gene (HTR2A) moderated the influence of childhood or adolescence parental socioeconomic status (SES) on adulthood temperament trait harm avoidance (HA) in a population-based sample of 1246 healthy Finnish men and women, who were 24-39 years of age in the last follow-up phase. High parental SES predicted low adulthood HA. In...

The neuromodulator serotonin has widespread effects in the nervous systems of many animals, often influencing aggression and dominance status. In crayfish, the effect of serotonin on the neural circuit for tailflip escape behavior was found to depend on the animal's social experience. Serotonin reversibly enhanced the response to sensory stimuli of the lateral giant (LG) tailflip command neuron...

CONTEXT The biological basis for the development of major depressive disorder (MDD) remains incompletely understood. OBJECTIVE To quantify brain serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) turnover in patients with MDD. DESIGN Patients with depression were studied both untreated and during administration of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) in an unblinded study of sequential desig...

Few previous studies have discussed the changes in serotonin receptor activity in the small intestine of diabetic animals. Therefore, we examined serotonin content in duodenal tissue and dose-dependent effects of serotonin agonists and antagonists on the motor activity of ex vivo vascularly perfused duodenum of streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats. Serotonin content was significantly increased in...

serotonin receptors are involved in pathophysiology of schizophrenia and may mediate other neurotransmitter effects. we investigated serotonin receptors gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) of naïve schizophrenic patients, before and after treatment. also serotonin receptor gene expression was compared in two treatment groups including haloperidol and olanzapine. the pbm...