autism is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder that characterized by abnormal bilateral social interaction, deficiency in verbal and nonverbal communication, restricted interests and repetitive behaviors .autism caused by the inappropriate immune response which released several cytokines. one of the most important and main causes of autism is a defect in, the formation of the neuronal synaptic ...

Treatment of kidney diseases with a combination therapy of allopathic and traditional medicines with special reference to the role herbal medicines in maintaining serum creatinine and Serum Urea Levels without the dialysis procedures, thereby the patient benefits in less dependence on dialysis and treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the long-term efficacy of hero-mineral preparati...

OBJECTIVE To establish whether urinary and serum calcium levels are correlated in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and to evaluate related factors including serum levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and vitamin D, age, gender and renal function. DESIGN Retrospective review on patients undergoing a parathyroidectomy for PHPT from 2000- 2008. Data collected included: age, sex, p...

cystatin c is a 13 kd basic protein that is a member of the cystatin superfamily of cysteine protease inhibitors. the cystatin c gene seems to be a house keeping gene, which is compatible with a stable production rate of cystatin c by most cells. this protein is freely filtered through the glomerulus and almost completely reabsorbed and catabolized by proximal tubular cells. because of these ch...

OBJECTIVES. To identify the prevalence of anaemia in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients managed in a primary care setting and to explore its associations with cardiovascular complications and kidney disease. DESIGN. Retrospective case series study. SETTING. General Out-patient Clinic of Hospital Authority, Hong Kong. PATIENTS. Chinese type 2 diabetic patients who had annual assessments between 1 ...

Background: Hypertensive disorders of human pregnancy, such as preeclampsia, complicate a sizeable percentage of all pregnancies, needing its early indication and warning. Aims & Objective: To measure and compare serum uric acid, serum creatinine and serum urea in pre-eclamptic and normotensive groups. Material and Methods: This is a cross-sectional, hospital based study involving 105 age – mat...