A low-voltage CMOS rail-to-rail OpAmp with high slew-rate and fast-settling is presented. The input stage is composed of the complementary differential pairs, a pair of modified current-mode maximum selecting circuits (Maximum Current Selecting Circuit 11) and a class-AB feedback loop circuit. It achieves rail-to-rail operation, constant-gm ,high slewrate and fast-settling. With this OpAmp topo...

The effects of the cationic surfactant (cationic cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, CTAB) on the improvement of the sludge dewaterability using the cationic flocculant (cationic polyacrylamide, CPAM) were analyzed. Residual turbidity of supernatant, dry solid (DS) content, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), specific resistance to filtration (SRF), zeta potential, floc size, and settling r...

A new one-dimensional clarifier model was developed, including components of existing models, and extended with a height-dependent cross-sectional area and two flowrate-dependent dispersion coefficients. This model is evaluated using data from a detailed one-month measuring campaign on a full-scale wastewater treatment plant. The data included hourly sludge concentration profiles, sludge bed he...

Sediment profiles in open channels are usually predicted by advection-diffusion models. Most basic forms consider the terminal settling velocity of a single particle in still clear water. Alternative forms account for hindered settling at higher concentrations. It is not known, however, how these modifications relate to mass and momentum conservation of each phase. For dilute flow, it is known ...

The element settling due to the combined effects of gravity, thermal gradient, radiative acceleration and concentration gradient may lead to important abundance variations inside the stars, which cannot be neglected in the computations of stellar structure. These processes where first introduced to account for abundance anomalies in “peculiar stars”, but their importance in the so-called “norma...

The settling time of cellular neural networks (CNNs) is crucial for both simulation and applications of VLSI CNN chips. The computational effort for the numerical integration may be drastically reduced, and CNN programs can be optimized, if a priori knowledge on the settling time is available. Moreover, this allows the parameters necessary to achieve higher processing speed to be tuned. For cer...

This paper presents the design and analysis two-stage operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) for use in switched-capacitor (SC) circuits. The existing design methods for two-stage OTAs often lead to sub optimal solutions because they decouple inter-related metrics like noise and settling performance. In our approach, the cadence tool is used to analysis the transient response, AC response...

The popularity of clear overlay retainers (CORs) has increased recently because of their advantages such as better esthetics, cost effectiveness, easy fabrication, and good compliance. However, a deficiency in posterior occlusal settling is a reported limitation of CORs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the posterior occlusal contact changes in a new type of clear orthodontic retainer call...

We consider constant volume thin film slurries on an incline. Clear fluids in this geometry are known to have a front position that moves according to a t scaling law, based on similarity solution analysis [Huppert, Nature, 1982]. We investigate the same dynamics for particle laden flow using a recently proposed lubrication model for the slurry and physical experiments. Our analysis includes th...

In the context of wastewater treatment with microalgae cultures, coagulation-flocculation followed by sedimentation is one of the suitable options for microalgae harvesting. This process is enabled by the addition of chemicals (e.g. iron). However, in a biorefinery perspective, it is important to avoid possible contamination of downstream products caused by chemicals addition. The aim of this s...