The gas flow estimation is crucial for the proper operation and monitoring of turbocharged (TC) engines with a torque structured engine control unit (ECU). This paper presents mean value models developed for modeling gas flow over the compressor, the turbine and the wastegate (WG) in a TC gasoline engine not equipped with a hot film air-mass flow meter (HFM). The turbine flow ...

Mathematical models for multilayer sandwich plates consisting of alternating stiff and compliant layers are derived. Two main types of models are described. First an initial model (analogous to the three-layer Rao-Nakra model) is derived under Kirchhoff plate assumptions for the stiff layers and Mindlin shear-deformable displacement assumptions for the compliant layers. The second type of model...

This paper presents several test cases that were used to validate the implementation of two turbulence models in UNS3D code, an in-house code. The Shear Stress Transport model and Spalart–Allmaras model. These explored using numerical results generated by three computational fluid dynamics codes: NASA’s FUN3D CFL3D, UNS3D. Four considered: a flat plate case, airfoil near-wake, backward-facing s...

Accurate estimation of leaf stomatal conductance (gs) is important in predicting carbon andwater cycles of terrestrial ecosystem. To estimate gs on field-grown soybean and maize underwater-stressed condition accurately, a modified optimal stomatal conductance (OSCM) modelwas established based on the relationship between marginal water cost of carbon gain and soilwater content by introducing a w...

Topic models are a discrete analogue to principle component analysis and independent component analysis that model topic at the word level within a document. They have many variants such as NMF, PLSI and LDA, and are used in many fields such as genetics, text and the web, image analysis and recommender systems. However, only recently have reasonable methods for estimating the likelihood of unse...