Semen is a major vector for HIV transmission, but the semen HIV RNA viral load (VL) only correlates moderately with the blood VL. Viral shedding can be enhanced by genital infections and associated inflammation, but it can also occur in the absence of classical pathogens. Thus, we hypothesized that a dysregulated semen microbiome correlates with local HIV shedding. We analyzed semen samples fro...

Several recent studies have shown that the fecundity of a man decreases progressively with sperm concentrations below 40 million spermatozoa per mL. Therefore, it is unfortunate that the new World Health Organization guidelines for semen analysis recommend lowering the lower cutoff value for normal sperm concentration from 20 to 15 million spermatozoa per mL. As a result large groups of subfert...

Abstract During early pregnancy offspring are directly exposed to nutrients consumed by their mother, and the development of own reproductive tract is underway. The objective this research was determine how characteristics ovaries were affected different maternal rates gain during first trimester gestation in beef heifers. Before breeding antral follicle counts determined via ultrasound. Beginn...

BACKGROUND This study was done to characterize parameters associated with semen human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 ribonucleic acid (RNA) viral load (VL) variability in HIV-infected, therapy-naive men. METHODS Paired blood and semen samples were collected from 30 HIV-infected, therapy-naive men who have sex with men, and 13 participants were observed longitudinally for up to 1 year. Human i...

The experiment was carried out at District Artificial Insemination (AI) Center at Khulna to evaluate the conception rate of frozen semen and locally produced liquid semen. Frozen semen from five different genotypes (Local, Sahiwal×Friesian, (Local×Friesian)2×Friesian, (Local×Friesian)×(Local×Frisian×Friesian), Local×Friesian) of bulls was taken which was served by Central Cattle Breeding Statio...

Antibiotics are added to semen extenders to be used for artificial insemination (AI) in livestock breeding to control bacterial contamination in semen arising during collection and processing. The antibiotics to be added and their concentrations for semen for international trade are specified by government directives. Since the animal production industry uses large quantities of semen for artif...

We tested to see if semen collection interferes with fertility in naturally fertile pairs of cranes. We used 12 naturally fertile, Florida sandhill crane (Grus canadensis pratensis) pairs for this study, 6 control and 6 experimental. All pairs had previously produced fertile eggs. Semen was collected on Tuesday mornings and Friday afternoons from 26 February 1993 to 4 June 1993. We used standar...

In the last decade several registries have approved the use of frozen semen commercially. With the recent approval by AQHA, the largest horse registry in the country, to use frozen semen, it is expected that inseminating mares with frozen semen will become a common procedure. There are several advantages in using frozen semen. Among them are the following: 1) transportation of a nitrogen tank i...