From December 2012 standardised packaging for tobacco products – known as ‘plain packaging’ – has been mandatory in Australia. This paper evaluates the preliminary evidence – in the form of ABS household expenditure on tobacco data – to establish whether the policy has been successful. Despite our econometric efforts, the data refused to yield any indication this policy has been successful; the...

A vast majority of the emails received by people today are machinegenerated by businesses communicating with consumers. While some emails originate as a result of a transaction (e.g., hotel or restaurant reservation confirmations, online purchase receipts, shipping notifications, etc.), a large fraction are commercial emails promoting an offer (a special sale, free shipping, available for a lim...

AIMS To gain insight into the potential impact of plain tobacco packaging policy, two experiments were undertaken to test whether 'prototype' plain compared with branded UK cigarette pack stimuli would differentially elicit instrumental tobacco-seeking in a nominal Pavlovian to instrumental transfer (PIT) procedure. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Two experiments were undertaken at the Unive...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is an opportunistic microorganism. This study aimed to investigate the presence of magA gene and antimicrobial susceptibility in K. pneumoniae. MATERIALS AND METHODS clinical specimens were collected from hospitals of Shahrekord, Iran. Bacterial culture, biochemical diagnostic standard test, determination of antibiotic sensitivit...

BACKGROUND Pelvic ring injury classification traditionally is made using plain radiographs. Recent studies suggest that computed tomography (CT)-generated images have higher diagnostic accuracy than plain films for the classification of acetabular fractures. However, similar studies have not been performed for pelvic ring injuries. The purpose of this study was to compare CT-generated and plain...

In order to evaluate the effect of hydropriming and Salinity stress on germination indices Niger, a factorial experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with four replications at seed research laboratory Shahrekord University. treatments were applied five levels (0, 25, 50, 100 150 mM NaCl). Hydropriming two (control 6-hour distilled water). Results showed that effects water s...

Background: Effective caring depends on the agreement between patients and nurses’ care behaviors. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate nursing students’ viewpoints about importance behaviors in a hospital affiliated Shahrekord University Medical Sciences Iran. Methods: In descriptive analytic study, 50 nurses were selected using convenience sampling method. Data collected by L...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The objective of the study was to provide useful insights into plain water intake of Korean adults according to life style, anthropometric, and dietary characteristics. SUBJECTS/METHODS The data from the 2008-2010 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used. The subjects were 14,428 aged 20-64 years. Water intake was estimated by asking the question ...