1 sexual dimorphism and allometry in the Drosophila wing. Abstract: Much of the morphological diversity in nature−including among sexes within a species−is a 32 direct consequence of variation in size and shape. However, disentangling variation in sexual dimorphism 33 for both shape (SShD), size (SSD) and their relationship with one another remains complex. Understanding 34 how genetic variatio...

In this study, we propose a new approach for creating the optimal shape and topology of shell structures. By implementing topology optimization in the variable design domain which is optimized by shape optimization at every iteration, the optimal topology and shape is simultaneously determined. The free-form optimization method and the SIMP method for shells are used for shape and topology opti...

The shape and center of mass of a part are crucial parameters to algorithms for planning automated manufacturing tasks. As industrial parts are generally manufactured to tolerances, the shape is subject to variations, which, in turn, also cause variations in the location of the center of mass. Planning algorithms should take into account both types of variation to prevent failure when the resul...

The observation that male genitalia diverge more rapidly than other morphological traits during evolution is taxonomically widespread and likely due to some form of sexual selection. One way to elucidate the evolutionary forces acting on these traits is to detail the genetic architecture of variation both within and between species, a program of research that is considerably more tractable in a...

microsatellite markers were used to identify informative markers associated with traits lattice shape of pod, belly shape in pod, pod length, pod width, grain number per pod, grain weight, grain weight/pod weight, grain length, grain width, pod number per plant, grain number per plant, pod weight per plant, grain weight per plant in peanut. thirteen ssr primer pairs amplified 80 alleles among 6...

Although wingform is known to differ among individuals of the same species it is not known how intraspecific variation in wingtip shape is associated with flight performance. In this study, we have examined both amongand within-individual variation in wingtip shape in relation to changes in flight performance in the European Starling Sturnus vulgaris . We found that level flapping-flight speed ...

External morphology is commonly used to identify bats as well as to investigate flight and foraging behavior, typically relying on simple length and area measures or ratios. However, geometric morphometrics is increasingly used in the biological sciences to analyse variation in shape and discriminate among species and populations. Here we compare the ability of traditional versus geometric morp...

We introduce Localized Components Analysis (LoCA) for describing surface shape variation in an ensemble of biomedical objects using a linear subspace of spatially localized shape components. In contrast to earlier methods, LoCA optimizes explicitly for localized components and allows a flexible trade-off between localized and concise representations. Experiments comparing LoCA to a variety of c...

in scpc-dama satellite networks, the baseband rrc pulse shaping is utilized to reduce the bandwidth and inter symbol interference (isi). but the variation in carrier's envelope, which expands the spectrum and ultimately increases the bandwidth, causes isi and quadrature channel crosstalk (qcc). the goal of this paper is to introduce a method to shape baseband rrc pulses, in order to make a near...

We propose to use approximations of shape metrics, such as the Hausdorff distance, to define similarity measures between shapes. Our approximations being continuous and differentiable, they provide an obvious way to warp a shape onto another by solving a Partial Differential Equation (PDE), in effect a curve flow, obtained from their first order variation. This first order variation defines a n...