Bulk crystals cut and polished as spheres or cylinders are unique tools for measuring the angular distribution of any linear or nonlinear optical property as well as for designing widely and continuously tunable parametric devices. The aim of this article is to describe the specific techniques of shaping such high quality samples, and their use in methods of optical measurements and devices tha...

This work presents a review of the development and application of computers. It traces the highlights of emergent computing technologies shaping our world. Recent trends in hardware and software deployment are chronicled as well as their impact on various segments of the society. The expectations for the future are also discussed along with security concerns. It is concluded that a major techno...

We experimentally demonstrate simultaneous pulse repetition-rate multiplication and periodic pulse-to-pulse peak-intensity control based on optimized periodic spectral line-by-line pulse shaping. Accordingly, the method allows us to generate multiplied pulse trains in which the amplitude of each single pulse in a period can be arbitrarily tailored. The technique is illustrated with the generati...

The axial spondyloarthritides (axial SpA) are a related group of disorders prototypically represented by Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS). Reactive arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, enteropathic arthritis and undifferentiated spondyloarthritis are also included in this family. The prevalence of this group of disorders roughly approximates that of ankylosing spondylitis, affecting 1% of the population ...

Language matters. It impacts on how we think about ourselves, as individuals within our families and within society. As advocates and activists, we constantly use language as a tool to effect change. People living with HIV have been critical in shaping this language over the last 30 years and still play a central role in ensuring that new discourse in the HIV field does not stigmatize, but rath...

To address this problem, one has to look at (i) societal changes and future developments, (ii) changes in health care as such and (iii) the linkage between these two. In this respect we must realize that we are living in an era where economic, technological, demographic, social and political changes are accelerating. The interface between these changes results in the age of discontinuities as f...

We have developed a low noise, low power charge sensitive ampli er and pulse shaping circuit. Our application is for a double-sided germanium strip detector, nominally providing 50 independent spectroscopy channels. An array of these detectors would provide signi cant improvements in imaging, spectroscopy, and sensitivity for space-based gamma-ray astronomy. The key features of these electronic...

The literature introduced the concepts of sustainability and digitalisation as one, mixed-combined named digitainability. By linking digital divide, sustainability, digitalisation, authors aimed to: (i) identify variables that might influence divide index; (ii) determine to model sustainable development goals; (iii) create a explain digitainability through education. Analysing sample 13 EU deve...

There is no reason to accept the doctrines crafted to sustain power and privilege, or to believe that we are constrained by mysterious and unknown social laws. These are simply decisions made within institutions that are subject to human will and that must face the test of legitimacy. And if they do not meet the test, they can be replaced by other institutions that are more free and more just, ...