Beetle forewings are modified into hardened structures called elytra. A recent study indicates that the evolution of elytra involved co-opting genes for exoskeleton formation into the wing development gene network of beetles on at least three separate occasions.

Double-aluminized kapton (DAK) is commonly used in multi-layer insulation blankets in cryogenic systems. NASA plans to use individual DAK sheets in lightweight deployable shields for satellites carrying instruments. A set of these shields will reflect away thermal radiation from the sun, the earth, and the instrument's warm side and allow the instrument's cold side to radiate its own heat to de...

Considering that ionizing radiation effects are cumulative and the gonads are particularly sensitive to these effects, and also the clinical importance of pelvic radiographs in children, the excess of radiation exposure to the gonads must be avoided. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the relevance of the correct use of gonad protection shields and to evaluate their use on the hip radi...

In this paper we propose to attach radio frequency (RF) shields on mobile phone to reduce Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) in the spherical head model. Shields made of ferrimagnetic materials are used to suppress surface currents on the mobile phone. Many kinds of simulation are performed to investigate the effect of various parameters like location, size, shape and thickness of the shield on the...

Operator radiation exposure is an important occupational hazard compounded over the course of an interventional radiologist's career. This study compared operator radiation dose to the eye and head for different positions around the patient. Compared with cases performed from the femoral region, exposures were 1.8 times higher at the side, and 1.6 times higher at the head, using conventional ap...

The middle levels conjecture asserts that there is a Hamiltonian cycle in the middle two levels of 2k + 1-dimensional hypercube. The conjecture is known to be true for k ≤ 17 [I. Shields, B.J. Shields and C.D. Savage, Disc. Math., 309, 5271–5277 (2009)]. In this note, we verify that the conjecture is also true for k = 18 by constructing a Hamiltonian cycle in the middle two levels of 37-dimensi...