We investigated the involvement of gibberellins (GAs) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in the control of longitudinal and cambial growth in current-year shoots of Pinus sylvestris L. Elongating terminal shoots, located at the apex of previous-year (1-year-old) branches in the uppermost whorl on the main stem, were variously decapitated (apical 5 to 10 mm removed), defoliated (all developing needl...

background and objectives:  haplophyllum canaliculatum isan endemicand endangerediranian plant from rutaceae family. the object of this work was to study the volatile production in established shoot and callus cultures of haplophyllum canaliculatum as well as isolation, identification and sequencing of 18s rrna gene from callus culture. methods: shoot and callus cultures of h. canaliculatum wer...

Effects of relative shoot height and irradiance on shoot and leaf properties of Quercus serrata Thunb. saplings growing in the understory and in gaps were investigated. Photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) at the location of the shoot relative to that in the open (relative PPF; rPPF) and the height of the shoot base relative to tree height (relative height; rHeight) were measured for all current-ye...

considering great medicinal value of hyssopus officinalis l. and possibility of its mass production through in vitro culture, two individual experiments was conducted. effect of various concentrations (0, 2.2, 4.4 and 11 µmol) of tdz and bap in combination with 1 µmol of iaa on direct regeneration from nodal explants were assessed. significant difference between treatments was observed (p≤ 0.01...

In Germany and Turkey they viewed scenes that were particularly distressing. On the runway stood a German (or Turkish) quick-reaction alert airplane loaded with nuclear weapons and with a foreign pilot in the cockpit. The airplane was ready to take off at the earliest warning, and the nuclear weapons were fully operational. The only evidence of U.S. control was a lonely 18-year-old sentry armed...

The uptake and metabolism of the cytokinin benzyl adenine (BA) was compared in two lines of Petunia hybrida Vilm. differing in their shoot organogenic response. Leaf transfer experiments using shoot induction medium containing 4.4 micromolar BA showed that leaf explants from petunia line St40 required a shoot induction period of 6 to 10 days for commitment to shoot organogenesis; whereas leaf e...

Abstract: This paper proposes an improved pulse-width modulation (PWM) strategy to reduce the capacitor voltage ripple in Z-source wind energy conversion system. In order to make sure that Z-source capacitor voltage has symmetrical maximum and minimum amplitudes in each active state, the shoot-through time is divided into six unequal parts. According to the active state and zero state, the shoo...

The shoot apical meristem (SAM) is essential for continuous organogenesis in higher plants, while the leaf is the primary source organ and the leaf shape directly affects the efficiency of photosynthesis. HANABA TARANU (HAN) encodes a GATA3-type transcription factor that functions in floral organ development, SAM organization, and embryo development in Arabidopsis, but is involved in suppressin...

The plant embryo is a relatively simple structure consisting of a primordial shoot and root, whose development is frozen in the form of a seed. Most development of the mature plant takes place post-embryonically, and is the consequence of cell division and organogenesis in small regions known as meristems, which originate in the embryonic shoot and root apices. Significant recent progress has b...

Background and Aims Shoot elongation of arrowhead tubers (Sagittaria pygmaea Miq.) is stimulated by anoxia, ethylene and CO2. The aim of this study was to characterize anoxic elongation by comparison with elongation stimulated by ethylene and CO2. Methods The effects of the inhibitors aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) as an ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor, 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) as a potent i...