A  commercial  Ti-Nanoxide  was  deposited  on  In-doped  SnO2 (ITO) polymer  substrates by  tape casting  technique with different thicknesses  (7,  14  and  36μm)  to  be  used  as  photoelectrode  in flexible  dye-sensitized  solar  cells  (DSSCs).  Ruthenium  dye  was adsorbed on each TiO2 film for 24 h. The resulting photoelectrodes were used to form flexible DSSCs in combination with...

Two organic compounds (SC-23=(E)-2-Cyano-3-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl) acrylic acid and SC-25=(E)-2-Cyano-3-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl) acrylic acid) involving methoxy groups as the electron donor and cyanoacrylic acid group as the electron acceptor have been investigated for dye sensitized solar cells. They shows a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 2.08 and 1.81 mA cm-2, an open circuit voltage (Voc)...

Calculation of the design parameters current transformers (CTs) is very complex due to their magnetic and thermal properties, complexity structure, different ferromagnetic properties materials nonlinearity B-H curve core material. The secondary output these used for both measurement protection circuits. Therefore, AT's accuracy must be good precise. In this study, transformer modeled as 2D usin...

The concurrent planning of multiple Distributed Generations (DGs), consisting solar-DG and DSTATCOM with reconfiguration in IEEE 33 69 bus Radial Distribution Network (RDN), using Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization (APSO) hybrid Grey Wolf-Particle (GWO-PSO), is reported this paper. For planning, a novel objective-based fitness-function (MOFF) proposed based on various performance parameters t...

This paper proposes a genetic algorithm optimization technique for optimal placement of distributed generation in a radial distribution system to minimize the total power loss and to improve the voltage sag performance. Load flow algorithm and three phase short circuit analysis are combined appropriately with GA, till access to acceptable results of this operation. The suggested method is progr...

A closed-form expression for short-circuit power dissipation of CMOS gates is presented which takes short-channel effects into consideration. The calculation results show good agreement with the SPICE simulation results over wide range of load capacitance and channel length. The change in the short-circuit power, , caused by the scaling in relation to the charging and discharging power, , is di...

new kinds of hydroquinone derivatives were synthesized and along with a azo dye applied as additives in the iodide/iodine redox electrolyte for dye-sensitized solar cells and their effect on the short-circuit photocurrent of dye sensitized solar cells was investigated. addition of 0.05 m a hydroquinone derivative in the electrolyte comprising 0.5 m 1-methyl-3-propylimidazolium iodide (mpii) and...