Hyponatremia is a common electrolyte disorder associated with potentially serious or life-threatening consequences. Serum osmolality and sodium concentration [Na+] are regulated by thirst, the hormone arginine vasopressin (AVP), and renal water and sodium handling. Hyponatremia is frequently caused by dysregulation of AVP, which accompanies disorders of water retention, such as congestive heart...

Hyponatremia is the most common and by far underestimated electrolyte disorder in clinical practice. Especially in elderly patients, treatment of symptomatic hyponatremia is challenging. Herein we describe the case of an octogenarian with recurrent symptomatic hyponatremia due to idiopathic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone release (SIADH). Fluid restriction was insufficient to pre...

A patient was admitted for fever and acute respiratory failure (ARF), rapidly progressive tetraparesis, delirium, behavioral abnormalities, and diplopia. Leukocytosis and a rise in C-reactive protein were present. A syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) was also diagnosed. Lumbar puncture yielded colorless CFS with mononuclear pleocytosis and protein rise. Electrodia...

Presentation A 67-year-old male resident of Florida initially presented to another institution with an 8-week history of fatigue, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, and diarrhea that led to muscle wasting and a more-than-20% weight loss. The patient complained of poor appetite, early satiety, and intermittent right upper quadrant abdominal pain associated with nausea and vomiting, but no hematem...

Abstract Background Primary small cell carcinoma (SmCCa) of the ureter is rare. The majority patients present with visible haematuria. Diagnosis confirmed by histopathology. Associated hyponatraemia in GU lesion can be due SmCCa useful for early diagnosis aggressive ureteric tumors. current management includes radical surgery or radiotherapy concomitant chemotherapy to improve survival and qual...

Paliperidone, an active metabolite of risperidone, is a new atypical antipsychotic agent. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), and rhabdomyolysis are the uncommon side effects of psychotropic drugs. We report a case of 35-year-old male with schizoaffective disorder who was admitted for acute-on-chronic exacerbation of his psychotic disord...

Cerebral salt wasting syndrome (CSWS) is characterized by severe natriuresis and volume depletion in the presence of cerebral pathology. In literature, there are few reports about tuberculous meningitis and cerebral CSWS. In this article, we report two tuberculous meningitis cases with CSWS and present a review of the literature on this topic. Cerebral salt wasting diagnosis was based on hypona...

The reset osmostat variation of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is thought to account for up to one third of SIADH cases. Most commonly, it can cause hyponatremia in patients who are quadriplegic, psychotic, or chronically malnourished, such as those with tuberculosis or alcoholism. Recent case reports have also noted the reset osmostat in several other states, includ...