Adenosine acts as neuromodulator in the brain, which its involvement in a wide range of brain processes and diseases has been studied, such as epilepsy, sleep, anxiety, panic disorder, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and schizophrenia. Adenosine receptors have been detected: A1R, A2AR (A2AR), A2BR, and A3R. A1R and A2R inhibit cAMP production, while A2AR and A2BR stimulate cAMP product...

Diese Dissertation wurde selbständig, ohne unerlaubte Hilfe erarbeitet.

[This retracts the article on p. 313 in vol. 6, PMID: 26858642.].

Precise regulation of the signaling range of secreted molecules is essential for proper pattern formation during development. The Nodal family of TGF-beta proteins has been shown to function as both short- and long-range signals. But the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we investigated the regulation of the signaling range of zebrafish Nodal proteins Cyclops and Squint, whic...

This article refers to:RETRACTED ARTICLE: A new mixed-ligand Co(II)-phosphonate framework: inhibited the wnt signaling pathway and exerted promotion activity on fracture rehabilitation

cd40 is recognized as a member of tumor necrosis factor receptor super family. it is expressed by the immune and non-immune cells. its interaction with cd40 ligand (cd154) brings about  a regulatory effect on  the cellular and humoral immunity. the pathway of cd40-cd154 is influential in various diseases. investigations on such diseases have revealed dimensional mechanisms whereby this route in...

Objective(s): NOTCH signaling pathway is well known for its role in cell fate, cell survival, cell differentiation, and apoptosis. Some of the NOTCH signaling genes are critical for endometrial function and implantation in animals and appear to play a similar role in humans. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the potential roles of some main components of the NOTCH family in hu...

This article refers to:A new Er(III)-based MOF showing anti-colon cancer activity by inhibiting IL-6-STAT3 signaling pathway and reducing TNF-α IL-1β production

Background and objectives: TLR2, TLR4, and Dectin-1 (Clec7) are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) expressed by intestinal epithelia cells and MYD88 is a signaling molecule of TLR2 and TLR4.  They warn immune system about the presence of invading pathogens promoting initiation of inflammatory response. Because of colonic cancer risk, therapy of intestinal inflammation is of h...