during the safavid rule, due to the close relationship between the government and the structure of religious institution, the economic life of many religious leaders was based on the bureaucratic salaries and aids granted by the government. however, after the fall of safavids and transfer of the shia scientific and juridico-religious centres (i.e. seminaries) from iran to the holy cities of ira...

hallaj, facing different circumstances, is considered as a mysterious experience in the history and when he resisted the government, he met his dark fate and condemned to death.  the age in which hallaj lived was the real renaissance in islamic thought. massignon resembles this age with that of the fifteenth century in the west. but hallaj was economically belonged to poor rank, and scientifica...

malaysia, as a small and developing country, must reduce carbon emissions because the country is one of the top co2-emitting countries in the asean region. therefore, the current study implements two environmental tax policies; carbon and energy taxes, in order to examine the impacts of these policies on the reduction of carbon emission in the whole of the economy by applying a computable gener...

one of the most important institutions of a city is hospital as it is directly involved with life of the citizens. this review article aimed to study the circumstance of establishing newer hospitals in isfahan city, iran, which was started in late qajar dynasty era with a pause during the constitutional era and was extended to reza shah pahlavi in its modern form. the main references for this s...

structure and function of socio – economic systems present different spatial effects in different countries of the world. in this study, structure and function of social and economical systems is analyzed to identify of changes within urban spatial structure. in tehran, effects of political and economic factor is analyzed for identification of changes of its spatial structure and its periphery ...

in this research by applying the theoretical framework of socio-technical systems and literature review using the form of e-government has been identified as a core component. to realize the model results and the results indicated that each of the six components of e-government in 1404 particularly in the areas of communication and access to digital content. based on the results of the highest ...

VERIFOR is a research partnership between ODI, CATIE, CIFOR and RECOFTC, with funding from the European Union and the Governments of the Netherlands and Germany. It seeks to ensure that timber and forest products are legally harvested, and will help producer nations establish verification systems with high national and international credibility. Visit our website at http://www.verifor.org/. Cas...

The views and opinions expressed in this document are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Australian Government, state and territory governments or NCVER. Any errors and omissions are the responsibility of the author(s). (NCVER) on behalf of the Australian Government and state and territory governments with funding provided through the Australian Department of...

ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This material was produced with funding from the Commonwealth of Australia and the Australian States and Territories. AHURI Ltd gratefully acknowledges the financial and other support it has received from the Commonwealth, State and Territory Government, without which this work would not have been possible. DISCLAIMER AHURI Ltd is an independent, non-political body which has ...

In the last decade, governments all around the globe have commissioned hundreds of wind farms automation projects, turning wind into a more powerful asset and promoting it as a clean and innovative source of energy. The current public interest and enthusiastic governments’ investments ensure that this emerging industry’s activities will only be increasing in the upcoming years and proves that t...