In India the incidence of beta thalassemia trait in general population is about 3%. There are a number of communities in India such as Sindhi, Lohana, Khoja, Bhanushali, Punjabi, Jain, Muslim and Bengali in whom the incidence of beta thalassemia trait ranges between 8% to 15%. The high incidence can be attributed to consaguinity and endogamy practised in these communities. It is evident that if...

As in animal kingdom every organism has a specific importance under non-chordate hfOUP, leeches have also great importance both in taxonomy and medicinal field. lalaukas the naJne of leech is in "Susruta", lalauka in "Mahabharata" Jaluka in Sanskrit, laru in Sindhi, and Juku in Nepali. Due to medicinal value and venomous quality leeches are becoming attractive to human beings, so many scientist...

Omasal impaction is a serious disease problem in cattle in India, but it is difficult to diagnose clinically. Ultrasonography has been proposed for the noninvasive evaluation of omasal disease. The objectives of this study were to compare the in vitro and in vivo ultrasonographic appearance of the omasum and to compare omasal appearance, limits, and size in clinically healthy cows with those in...

The composition and physical nature of milk is very complex. The stability of milk depends upon the different constituent of milk. Determination of heat stability of milk is one of the factors that assess the stability of milk. In this study an attempt was made to measure the heat stability of milk obtained from different varieties of cows and also made an attempt to identify the different comp...

The Perceptual Assimilation Model [1] proposes that nonnative contrast discrimination accuracy can be predicted by perceptual assimilation type. However, assimilation types have been based just on auditory–only (AO) citation speech. Since auditory-visual (AV) and clear speech can benefit nonnative speech perception [2, 3], we reasoned that modality and speaking style could influence assimilatio...

INTRODUCTION Hypoplasia of the internal carotid artery is a rare congenital anomaly, with only 24 cases of bilateral internal carotid artery hypoplasia reported to date. Here, we present the case of a 48-year-old woman with bilateral internal carotid artery hypoplasia. She had a collateral circulation through the vertebrobasilar system; however given the high pressure flow she developed aneurys...

OBJECTIVE To provide size estimation and to determine risky behaviours and HIV prevalence among female sex workers in Pakistan, which has progressed from a low to concentrated level of HIV epidemic. METHODS A cross-sectional study (geographic mapping and integrated behavioural and biological survey-IBBS) was conducted between August 2005 to January 2006 in Karachi, Hyderabad and Sukkur. A det...