Localized states trap waves propagating in a disordered potential and play a crucial role in Anderson localization, which is the absence of diffusion due to disorder. Some localized states are barely coupled with neighbours because of differences in wavelength or small spatial overlap, thus preventing energy leakage to the surroundings. This is the same degree of isolation found in the homogene...

An all-fiber-ring resonator has been constructed using a single strand of single-mode optical fiber and a directional coupler. Derivation of the resonator finesse in terms of fiber and directional coupler parameters is given. A finesse of 80 has been achieved experimentally. Applications of such a fiber-ring resonator are discussed.

This article provides an explanation for the single and puzzling Tocharian B gloss śaiṣṣe ‘world’ (instead of A ārkiśoṣi) Sanskrit jagat- on a fragment SHT 4438 with all other glosses in A. Based detailed study Chinese texts, ārkiśoṣi is very likely loan translation sā̆bhāloka(dhātu)- ‘a world radiance’, which preserved translations by Kumārajīva translators connected Kucha. In Kucha area, first...