OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of botulinum toxin type A (BTA) injection into the salivary gland and to evaluate the changes of drooling in varied postures in tetraplegic patients with brain injury. METHODS Eight tetraplegic patients with brain injury were enrolled. BTA was injected into each parotid and submandibular gland of both sides under ultrasonographic guidance. Drooling was meas...

Cognitive neuroscientists rarely consider the influence that body position exerts on brain activity; yet, postural variation holds important implications for the acquisition and interpretation of neuroimaging data. Whereas participants in most behavioral and EEG experiments sit upright, many prominent brain imaging techniques (e.g., fMRI) require participants to lie supine. Here we demonstrate ...

BACKGROUND Cerebrally palsied children demonstrated limited independence while performing various activities of daily living, which is due to disorders of postural control. The best solution to improve postural control is the use of therapies that simultaneously focus on the sense of balance and motor skills. Such possibilities for patients with cerebral palsy are offered, for example, by hippo...

BACKGROUND Reducing sitting-time may decrease risk of disease and increase life-span. In the search for approaches to reduce sitting-time, research often compares sitting to standing and ambulation, but the energetic cost of standing alone versus sitting is equivocal, with large variation in reported mean values (0% to >20% increase in energy expenditure (EE) during standing). OBJECTIVE To de...

INTRODUCTION Sedentary behaviors (including sitting) may increase mortality risk independently of physical activity level. Little is known about how fidgeting behaviors might modify the association. METHODS Data were from the United Kingdom (UK) Women's Cohort Study. In 1999-2002, a total of 12,778 women (aged 37-78 years) provided data on average daily sitting time, overall fidgeting (irresp...

In our long term evaluation of patients with Hansen's disease we have frequently found reduction of their intraocular pressure. Furthermore, we noted changes in their intraocular pressure on change of posture. To determine if these changes have any significance we measured the intraocular pressures of 24 experimentally infected and 39 control monkeys in both sitting and reclining positions. We ...

Along with recent advancement, many automobile industries have strongly encouraged research on their product design, structure, consumer comfort and ergonomics and so on. In particular, consumer satisfaction or human comfort is playing an important role including seat comfort, driving posture, visibility, interior space, etc., In general, sitting in an automobile seat for prolonged period can c...

Background Posture is simply the position our bodies adopt in response to the effects of gravity. It is the way we hold ourselves, in sitting, standing or even lying down. Correct posture gives not only a smart appearance but also helps to prevent injury and illness of the spine. The children’s ankle-foot complex pass through various stages of development. The presence of abnormalities in them ...

Neck pain is felt in the posterior cervical region. placed fourth on global burden of musculoskeletal at World Health Organization and impacts a person’s productivity. The cause neck itself cannot be clearly identified, but several risk factors are associated with pain. For example, age, occupation, sitting posture, duration sitting, stress, body mass index, smoking history gender. This study a...

Contrary to common belief, back pain amongst young people is a frequent phenomenon. Epidemiological studies have found high prevalence rates of back pain amongst schoolchildren. The investigation reported here aims to validate children's self-reporting and the observation of sitting postures to establish the intensity, duration and frequency of exposure in the classroom. The sitting postures of...