Key British scientists were invited to a 'power' breakfast last month to discuss with no less than five ministers their views on how science policy can be developed. And in the chancellor's later annual budget statement, the government underlined its wish to see investment in science as a key to future prosperity. But future money will not all be coming from the government: there are growing ef...

Lean Production is one of the current issues in logistics (Womack, 2004). Clocked production and transport effect an adjustment of the individual process steps. Today only large companies are able to raise enough transport volume for an individual transport solution and so assure the resulting advantages of decreasing storage costs and capital lockup. An individually clocked transport in small ...

Lost circulation refers to loss of part or whole drilling fluid into the formation while operataion. It wastes costly mud and time spent on rig operations. In this study, investigation a natural plant called, Prosopis Farcta (PF), has been done show its effectiveness as lost control material. A series experimental tests have conducted in order discover PF an LCM. Moreover, different particle si...

In this study we present a comparative quantification of CaCO3 production rates by rhodolith-forming coralline red algal communities situated in high polar latitudes and assess which environmental parameters control these production rates. The present rhodoliths act as ecosystem engineers, and their carbonate skeletons provide an important ecological niche to a variety of benthic organisms. The...

A previously published hydrothermal brine-river water mixing model driven by ocean crust production suggests that the molar Mg/Ca ratio of seawater (mMg/Ca(sw)) has varied significantly (approximately 1.0-5.2) over Precambrian time, resulting in six intervals of aragonite-favouring seas (mMg/Ca(sw) > 2) and five intervals of calcite-favouring seas (mMg/Ca(sw) < 2) since the Late Archaean. To ev...

The structural transformation in aragonite CaCO3 is simulated by molecular dynamics. The simulations are based on the potentials calculated from the Gordon-Kim modified electron gas formalism. We found two phase transitions in aragonite at high temperature.

Equations used to develop the CO2 -Ca-pH relationships in calcareous soils are reviewed. The equation Pco, (Ca) --(H) 2 Ke , is used to draw a three-dimensional surface and to derive three partial differential equations to illustrate the relationships between CO 2 partial pressure, Ca activity and pH. lc is a combination of Henry's Law constant, the first and second dissociation constants for c...

Artificial bone grafting is widely used in current orthopedic surgery for bone defect problems. Unfortunately, surgeons remain unsatisfied with the current commercially available products. One of the major complaints is that these products cannot provide sufficient mechanical strength to support the human skeletal structure. In this study, we aimed to develop a bone scaffold with better mechani...

Stalactites (CaCO3 and salt) from water seeps are frequently encountered in ceilings of mine tunnels whenever they intersect water-bearing faults or fractures. To determine whether stalactites could be mineralized traps for indigenous fracture water microorganisms, we analyzed stalactites collected from three different mines ranging in depth from 1.3 to 3.1 km. During sampling in Beatrix gold m...