Spatially and temporally regulated somatic mutations can be achieved by using the Cre/LoxP recombination system of bacteriophage P1. In order to develop gene knockouts restricted to striated muscle, we generated a transgenic mouse line expressing Cre recombinase under the control of the human alpha-skeletal actin promoter. Specific excision of a loxP-flanked gene was demonstrated in striated mu...

Introduction: Tissue-engineered skeletal muscle constructs should be designed to generate contractile force with directional movement. Because electrical impulses from a somatic nervous system are crucial for in vivo skeletal muscle development, electrical pulse stimulation (EPS) culture as an artificial exercise is essential to fabricate functional skeletal muscle tissues in vitro. To further ...

the neuregulin is a member of the epidermal growth factors (egf) family of receptor kinases, was originally identified as the product of the transforming gene derived from chemically induced rat neuroblastoms. a variety of different protein isoforms are produced from single neuregulin gene. four distinct vertebrate gene encode neuregulin, prosaically named nrg1, nrg2, nrg3, and nrg4. most of bi...

Skeletal stem cells (SSCs) reside in the postnatal bonemarrowand give rise to cartilage, bone, hematopoiesis-supportive stroma and marrow adipocytes indefined in vivoassays.These lineagesemerge inaspecific sequence during embryonic development and post natal growth, and together comprise a continuous anatomical system, the bone-bone marroworgan.SSCsconjoin skeletal andhematopoieticphysiology, a...

MRI may be a noninvasive and alternative tool for skeletal age assessment in children, although few studies have reported on this topic. In this article, skeletal age was assessed over a wide range of ages using an open, compact MRI optimized for the imaging of a child's hand and wrist, and its validity was evaluated. MR images and their three-dimensional segmentation visualized detailed skelet...

Our 3D Engineering Shape Search System (3DESS), which uses the skeletal graph as one of its shape features to represent objects, has revealed the potential of graph-based representation for searching 3D models. In this paper, a dynamic user interface, which allows a user to customize the query by reusing the existing skeletal graph, shows another merit of the skeletal graph representation. This...

Aerobic exercise training (AET) is an important mechanical stimulus that modulates skeletal muscle protein turnover, leading to structural rearrangement. Since the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and calpain system are major proteolytic pathways involved in protein turnover, we aimed to investigate the effects of intensity-controlled AET on the skeletal muscle UPS and calpain system and their...

hyperparathyroidism is an endocrine abnormality that frequently causes diffuse osteopenia in the bones. osteosclerosis is a rare phenomenon in adults with primary hyperparathyroidism since the usual skeletal manifestation is generalized osteopenia. we describe a patient with generalized osteosclerosis in the jaws and skull in association with primary hyperparathyroidism, while the other skeleta...

Background: Skeletal complication of brucellosis is common in endemic region of brucellosis, but its frequency has not been clearly determined. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of skeletal complication in brucellosis patients in Babol, north of Iran. Methods: From 2005-2015, 1252 cases of brucellosis were diagnosed at the Department of Infectious Diseases, Ayatollah Rouha...

multifocal skeletal tuberculosis in not uncommon in the countries with tuberculosis. the clinical onest is insidious and sometimes nonspecific, resulting in delay or misdiagnosis. bone scan appearance is presented in some reports, as multiple abnormal accumulations of tracer. this report describes an unusual presentation of multifocal skeletal tuberculosis.