BACKGROUND In this paper, a new type of physical penetration technology for transdermal administration with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) characteristics is presented. Fu's cupping therapy (FCT), was established and studied using in vitro and in vivo experiments and the penetration effect and mechanism of FCT physical penetration technology was preliminarily discussed. METHODS With 1-(4-...

Transdermal drug delivery systems have been around for decades, and current technologies (e.g., patches, ointments, and creams) enhance the skin permeation of low molecular weight, lipophilic drugs that are efficacious at low doses. The objective of current transdermal drug delivery research is to discover ways to enhance skin penetration of larger, hydrophilic drugs and macromolecules for dise...

Topical drug delivery across the skin can offer many advantages, such as confer sustained drug release, lower fluctuations in plasma drug levels, circumvent first-pass metabolism, improve patient compliance, and provide local (dermal), or systemic (transdermal) effects (Schäfer-Korting et al., 2007; El Maghraby et al., 2008). However, the barrier function of the skin, exerted by the horny layer...

Tulobuterol patches are long-acting bronchodilators for percutaneous absorption including the β(2)-adrenoreceptor agonist tulobuterol, as a main ingredient, used for long-term management of pediatric asthma. Since patients who have pediatric asthma often also have atopic dermatitis in which the skin barrier is impaired, we compared the skin penetration profiles of the brand and generic patches ...

Fungal infections of the skin are one of the often faced with dermatological diseases in worldwide. Topical therapy is an attractive choice for the treatment of the cutaneous infections due to its advantageous such as targeting of drugs to the site of infection and reduction of the risk of systemic side effects. Currently, antifungal drugs are generally used as conventional cream and gel prepar...

Transdermal delivery of topically applied compounds is limited by the stratum corneum (SC) protective barrier. Penetration enhancers have been employed to perturb the skin barrier and enhance the transdermal flux of drugs. The novel excipient, dodecyl-2-N, N-dimethylaminopropionate hydrochloride (DDAIP-HCl), was evaluated for penetration activity of minoxidil in human cadaver skin. Minoxidil sk...

Cellulite is a common topographical alteration where skin acquires an orange peel or mattress appearance with alterations in adipose tissue and microcirculation. This work aims to develop and evaluate a topical niosomal gel formulae with good permeation to reach the subcutaneous fat layer. Several caffeine niosomal dispersions were prepared and incorporated into gel formulae using Carbopol 940 ...