Violence has been linked to poor academic outcomes in youth, but there is little understanding of the mechanisms underlying this relation. This longitudinal survey study investigated whether sleep disturbance potentially mediates the associations between academic achievement and two forms of violence exposure--community violence and peer victimization-- in 498 seventh-grade youth. Structural eq...

BACKGROUND Insomnia is the most common sleep disorder. Treatment options are improved sleep hygiene, relaxation, cognitive behavioral therapy, and medications. Studies examining the effect of hypnotics on insomnia reported that placebo had a substantial beneficial effect. OBJECTIVES To evaluate whether placebo is an effective treatment for insomnia. METHODS We assessed 25 patients with inso...

This investigation assessed the efficacy of a technique specifically designed to change the style and content of presleep thoughts in order to reduce nighttime cognitive arousal and decrease insomnia severity. This investigation, termed "cognitive refocusing treatment for insomnia" (CRT-I), previously improved sleep in a small sample of veterans with primary insomnia. In this investigation, uni...

Although the light-induced melatonin suppression response is well characterized in adults, studies examining the dynamics of this effect in children are scarce. The purpose of this study was to quantify the magnitude of evening light-induced melatonin suppression in preschool-age children. Healthy children (n = 10; 7 females; 4.3 ± 1.1 years) participated in a 7-day protocol. On days 1-5, child...

OBJECTIVES To review the clinical characteristics, comorbidities, and management of insomnia in childhood and adolescence. SOURCES This was a non-systematic literature review carried out in the PubMed database, from where articles published in the last five years were selected, using the key word "insomnia" and the pediatric age group filter. Additionally, the study also included articles and...

Coronavirus disease 2019 popularized online classes to prevent educational deficits affected by the pandemic. This study aimed assess differences in importance and performance of health awareness Korean middle school students according types physical education they attended during coronavirus Overall, 583 participants were selected using a convenience sampling method; data obtained through an s...

One watchstanding schedule used in the US Navy is the modified 6-hr on/18-hr off, a 6-hr watch followed by an 18-hr non-watch period. In this four-section watchbill, rather than standing the same 6-hour period each day, two 3-hr watches are “dogged”, resulting in a day shorter than 24-hrs in length. We assessed the 6-hr on/18-hr off schedule to determine its affordance of rest/sleep and psychom...

1. Dept. of Pharmacy, Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Hospital of Taizhou, Taizhou, China 2. Dept. of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China 3. Dept. of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital,Beilun Branch of Zhejiang University, College of Medicine, Ningbo, China 4. Dept. of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Beilun Branch of ...

Insomnia, or the dissatisfaction with the quantity, quality or timing of sleep, is a common complaint. Because the definition of "normal" sleep is not well established, the estimates of the prevalence and severity of insomnia vary widely. Insomnia is often secondary to underlying psychiatric and medical conditions, and these should be evaluated and treated as a first measure. Nonpharmacological...