This paper is concerned with DOA estimation using a single-electromagnetic vector sensor in the presence of mutual coupling. Firstly, we apply the temporally smoothing technique to improve the identifiability limit of a single-vector sensor. In particular, we establish sufficient conditions for constructing temporally smoothed matrices to resolve K > 2 incompletely polarized (IP) monochromatic ...

We consider the direction-of-arrival (DOA) problem for a wavefront whose amplitude and phase vary randomly along the array aperture. This phenomenon can for instance originate from propagation through an inhomogeneous medium. A simple and accurate DOA estimator is derived in the case of an uniform linear array of sensors. The estimator is based upon a reduced statistic obtained from the sub-dia...

This paper presents a new cyclic direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation algorithm. By exploiting a new minimum-redundancy linear-array (MRLA) configuration and cyclostationarity, the proposed algorithm constructs a matrix pencil from the pseudodata matrix of 2N-1 virtual sensors which are the results of temporal and spatial processing with designed M-sensor SumMRLA. Theoretical analysis and comp...

This paper introduces a new underwater acoustic eigenstructure ESPRIT-based algorithm that yields closed-form direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimates using a single vector hydrophone. A vector hydrophone is composed of two or three spatially co-located but orthogonally oriented velocity hydrophones plus another optional co-located pressure hydrophone. This direction finding algorithm may (under mo...

In the last two decades, German major cities have shown an impressive comeback as places to live and work. Using case of Germany’s 33 largest in terms population employment their functional hinterland, this study identifies characterised by above-average growth processes(“boom”) how “boom” effects cities’ hinterlands. A distinction these “spillover effects” is made between “slop over sense subu...

The establishment of efficient oxygen evolution electrocatalysts is great value but also challenging. Herein, a durable metal–organic framework (MOF) with minor atomically dispersed ruthenium and an optimized electronic structure constructed as electrocatalyst. Significantly, the obtained NiRu0.08-MOF doping Ru only needs overpotential 187 mV at 10 mA cm?2 Tafel slop 40 dec?1 in 0.1 M KOH for r...

Aperture extension (interferometry baseline extension) is achieved in this novel ESPRIT-based two-dimensional (2-D) arrival angle estimation scheme using a sparse (a.k.a., thin or thinned) uniform rectangular array of electromagnetic vector sensors spaced much farther apart than a half-wavelength. An electromagnetic vector sensor is composed of six spatially co-located, orthogonally oriented, d...

In this paper, we discuss a number of high-resolution direction finding methods for determining the two-dimensional directions of arrival of a number of plane waves, impinging on a sensor array. The array consists of triplets of sensors that are identical, as an extension of the 1D ESPRIT scenario to two dimensions. New algorithms are devised that yield the correct parameter pairs while avoidin...

Direction finder, an important component of electronic warfare system, is a device that detects electromagnetic waves radiated from target radar and measures its angle of arrival. Compared to the phase-comparison method, the amplitudecomparison method has simpler system, and it’s easy to miniaturize; however, relatively, its direction finding is less accurate, and it has various factors that oc...

A novel scheme is proposed for direction finding with uniform rectangular planar array. First, the characteristics of noncircular signals and Euler's formula are exploited to construct a new real-valued rectangular array data. Then, the rotational invariance relations for real-valued signal space are depicted in a new way. Finally the real-valued propagator method is utilized to estimate the pa...