The aim of this study was to research the cost effectiveness creating forest reclamation complexes on slopes, as well determine patterns their orographic dynamics, taking into account environmental aspects in arid conditions. With help modeling agroforestry landscapes, we established plantations created from Lanceolate ash (Fraxinus lanceolata) climatic conditions sloping lands, planting which ...

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors wish to acknowledge input from Gary Hunt and Jonathan Rubin, who are members of David Lewis's thesis committee. In addition, David Field, Thomas Power, and especially Gary Hunt provided helpful comments on an earlier version of this bulletin. David Lewis is appreciative of financial support for his graduate studies provided by the University of Maine Graduate Assista...

1. introduction nowadays, population increase, progress in science and technology and development of industrial installations with the shortage of places in metropolitan areas have made considerable changes in the morphology of watersheds. violation to territory of rivers, channels, and streams causes alterations in natural drainage pattern and overflowing due to the lower capacity of the chang...

Throughout the 20th century, many countries created national parks, forests, nature reserves, and sanctuaries to provide benefits that are underproduced on private lands . Private lands are now especially valuable for providing ecological services that publi c lands cannot provide, due to the increasing demands for all uses and the political and economic conflicts associated with allocating pub...