The role of latent heating from individual cloud processes associated with one part of a springtime extratropical cyclone, the warm front, is assessed using highresolution modelling. Condensation and cloud droplet nucleation are the largest sources of latent heat along the frontal surface and together produce rates of horizontal frontogenesis that are of the same order of magnitude as the defor...

Atmosphere and ocean model assimilated products, in conjunction with observed precipitation and ocean model estimates of Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) transport and barrier layer thickness, are analyzed to elucidate the role of external (ENSO and ITF) and internal (monsoon) factors in the initiation of the Indian Ocean Zonal Mode (IOZM). The diagnostics show that there exists a natural mode of c...

The vertical structure of the low-level atmospheric response to an elevated large-scale, low-frequency heat source in the Tropics is explored using linear tidal theory on an equatorial beta plane. Through the calculation of the projection of a large-scale, low-frequency thermal source onto the meridional eigenfunctions, the contributions from a set of discrete meridional eigenfunctions with pos...

We analyze the sensitivity of the oceanic thermohaline circulation (THC) regarding perturbations in fresh water flux for a range of coupled oceanic general circulation – atmospheric energy balance models. The energy balance model (EBM) predicts surface air temperature and fresh water flux and contains the feedbacks due to meridional transports of sensible and latent heat. In the coupled system ...

A three-layer primitive equation model of an isolated stationary tropical cyclone is constructed. The major diff erence between this and previously published models is the elimination of the assumption of circular symmetry. The relesse of latent heat by organized cumulus convection is parameterized by use of techniques previously shown to give realistic results in symmetrical models. In particu...

Warm sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies have been observed in the subtropical North Pacific around Hawaii recent decade, appearing from 2013. We examined formation mechanisms of warm SST terms relative contribution atmospheric forcing and oceanic dynamics, using latest reanalysis products ECMWF (ERA5 for atmosphere ORAS5 ocean). Results mixed layer budget diagnosis target area (10–20°N 180...

in this paper, the conjugate gradient method coupled with adjoint problem is used in order to solve the inverse heat conduction problem and estimation of the time- dependent heat flux using the temperature distribution at a point in a three layer system with none homogeneous boundary conditions. also, the effect of noisy data on final solution is studied. for solving this problem the general co...

Urban areas can represent a considerable part of the model domain in meso-scale numerical simulations with typical horizontal domain lengths of 20–200 km. This paper addresses the question of the extent of the influence of urban surfaces on the development of convective precipitation in meso-g-scale numerical models. For this purpose, a spatially variable parameterization scheme for surface sen...

As the acreages of agricultural lands increase, changes in surface energetics and evapotranspiration (ET) rates may arise consequently affecting regional climate regimes. The objective of this study was to evaluate summertime ET dynamics and surface energy processes in a subarctic agricultural farm in Interior Alaska. The study includes micrometeorological and hydrological data. Results coverin...