In order to compare the survival rate of bovine embryos cryopreserved with different protocols, oocytes obtained from abattoir-derived ovaries were used for in vitro maturation (IVM), fertilization (IVF) and co-culture. Expanded blastocysts were cryopreserved by two slowfreezing [(i) 0.5 and (ii) 1.2°C/min], (iii) one quickfreezing and two vitrification [(iv) ethylene glycol + ficoll + sucrose ...

o. There are two different cryopreservation protocols used in skin preservation: slow freezing and quick freezing/snap frozen. Slow freezing can be achieved using a controlled-rate cooling apparatus (Blondet et al., 1982). There is an optimum cooling rate for any cell type that produces maximum cell survival. On either side of this optimum, the survival rate falls. In the presence of CPA, a coo...

Embryos and oocytes were first successfully cryopreserved more than 30 years ago, when Whittingham et al. and Wilmut separately described that mouse embryos could be frozen and stored at -196 degrees C and, a few years later, Parkening et al. reported the birth of live offspring resulting from in vitro fertilization (IVF) of cryopreserved oocytes. Since then, the use of cryopreservation techniq...

The release of hydrogen cyanide from Amelanchier alnifolia was monitored at 30 C and -10 C following lethal freezing at both slow and fast rates. Assuming that hydrogen cyanide release indicates membrane damage, it was concluded that during a fatal freeze-thaw cycle membrane damage occurred during cell contraction and, therefore, was not dependent upon membrane area expansion during thawing.

Borrelia kansas and Plasmodium berghei have been stored after slow freezing in thioglycollate-glycerol medium for a 6-month period. During this time, 75% or more of the Borrelia remained motile, many intracellular malarial parasites exhibited amoeboid movement, and the growth pattern of both organisms in mice remained unchanged.

BACKGROUND The clinical efficacy of the current methods used for cryopreservation of metaphase II human oocytes is low. Meiotic spindle disorders are thought to be largely responsible for this situation. METHODS Supernumerary fresh metaphase II human oocytes were cryopreserved in 1,2-propanediol with 0.1 M sucrose using a slow freezing/rapid thawing programme. Meiotic spindles were analysed i...

Extended semen from six Hereford bulls was placed in .25-ml Continental straws and frozen in the vertical position. Treatments were arranged factorially with glycerol levels of 5, 7, 9 or 11%; semen cooled from 5 to 1 3 0 C in 3.5 (fast), 20 (moderate) or 40 min (slow); and thawed in water at 5 C for 3 min, 35 C for 12 sec, 55 C for 8 sec, 75 C for 7 sec or 90 C for 5 seconds. Fast freezing res...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and risk of cryopreservation in female fertility preservation. DATA SOURCES The data analyzed in this review were the English articles from 1980 to 2013 from journal databases, primarily PubMed and Google scholar. The criteria used in the literature search show as following: (1) human; embryo; cryopreservation/freezing/vitrification, (2) human; oocyte/immature...

BACKGROUND This prospective, Phase IV, multicenter, observational registry of assisted reproductive technology clinics in the USA studied outcomes of first cycles using thawed/warmed cryopreserved (by slow-freezing/vitrification) oocytes (autologous or donor). METHODS Patients were followed up through implantation, clinical pregnancy, and birth outcomes. The main outcome measure was live birt...

Many limno-terrestrial tardigrades live in unstable habitats where they experience extreme environmental conditions such as drought, heat and subzero temperatures. Although their stress tolerance is often related only to the anhydrobiotic state, tardigrades can also be exposed to great daily temperature fluctuations without dehydration. Survival of subzero temperatures in an active state requir...