This paper presents theory and evidence on horizontal industry structure, focusing on situations where plant-level scale economies are small and market power is not an issue. At issue is the question: what makes industries necessarily fragmented? The theoretical model distinguishes between the structure of brands and firms in an industry by examining trade-offs associated with affiliation and i...

Does Gender Matter for Firm Performance? Evidence from Eastern Europe and Central Asia Using 2005 firm level data for 26 ECA countries, this paper estimates performance gaps between maleand female-owned businesses, while controlling for their location by industry and country. We find that female entrepreneurs have significantly smaller scale of operations (as measured by sales revenues) and are...

The purpose of this research is to determine the total factor productivity (TFP) Indonesia's micro and small-scale manufacturing industries. production function estimation approach established by Levinsohn-Petrin as basis for computing TFP employed in study, with value added dependent variable labor costs capital proxied investment independent variables. This study uses secondary data from Cent...

fabrication, characterization and application of micro-/nano-rods/wires are among the hottest topics in materials science and applied physics. micro-/nano-rod-based structures and devices are developed for a wide-ranging use in various fields of micro-/nanoscience (e.g. biology, electronics, medicine, optics, optoelectronics, photonics and sensors). it is well known that the structure and prope...

The classical electrostatic image principle for a perfectly conducting object consisting of two orthogonally intersecting spheres is revisited through vector analysis. A method for finding the image of a given charge distribution by splitting it in three virtual singlesphere problems is described. Also, a simple relation between the image charges of a given point charge is found. The method is ...

With the global liberalization industries in India are growing at a very fast pace, especially the small and medium enterprises (SMEs) like; foundries, mining industries, food processing industries etc. But due to lack of use of advanced technologies by SMEs, the labourers are exposed to dusty and hazardous environment and they are getting more prone to lungs related diseases. This problem is m...

Industry 4.0 is changing the efficiency and output of current industries significantly. It finding its way in every small application one can think of. Though some small-scale developing countries are unable to afford such machines. Taking this into consideration paper proposes a system automate process packaging bottles by using different sensrs actuators, which will be affordable industries. ...

this paper aims to evaluate the impact of several indices of market structure including entry to barrier, economies of scale and concentration degree on 140 active industries using the digit. accordingly, we apply three methods including cost disadvantages ratio ( ), herfindahl–hirschman concentration index ( ) and comanor and willson criterion in order to assess the economies of scale and usin...