Load sharing among distributed generation systems (DGS) is one of the most important topics in wireless-enabled smart microgrids, where a set of power inverters at different geographical locations work coordinately and collaboratively through wireless networks to meet the load requirement. Parallel power inverters operated in distributed generation systems rely on the underlying wireless commun...

This article reviews different kinds of models for the electric power grid that can be used to understand the modern power system, the smart grid. From the physical network to abstract energy markets, we identify in the literature different aspects that co-determine the spatio-temporal multilayer dynamics of power system. We start our review by showing how the generation, transmission and distr...

The Smart Grid, regarded as the next generation power grid, uses two-way flows of electricity and information to create a widely distributed automated energy delivery network. In this article, we survey the literature till 2011 on the enabling technologies for the Smart Grid. We explore three major systems, namely the smart infrastructure system, the smart management system, and the smart prote...

Demand response (DR) is counted as an effective method when there is a large-capacity power shortage in the power system, which may lead to peak loads or a rapid ramp. This paper proposes a bi-level coordinated optimization strategy by quantitating the DR potential (DRP) of smart appliances to descend the steep ramp and balance the power energy. Based on dynamic characteristics of the smart app...

This paper gives an overview of the security issues regarding power grids. It is targeted to use case scenarios, namely smart metering, and home gateway for applications like electric cars and home multimedia contents distribution over the power grid. The scenarios are described, the architectural model of the smart power grid is described at a high level, the actors and data types are identifi...

Efficient power consumption, intelligent power monitoring and interactive control of power consumption in smart homes are the key factors of sustainable development, reduction of power demand peaks and activities related to avoidance of blackout effects. The highlight of the proposed system is its ability to control maximum consuming power of the home appliances (HAs) and keep the total power c...

In a smart distribution power grid, cost efficient and reliable communication architecture plays a crucial role in achieving complete functionality. There are different sets of Quality of Services (QoS) requirements for different data packets transmitting inside the microgrid (a regionally limited smart distribution grid), making it challenging to derive optimal communication architecture. The ...

This article presents a simple power-analysis (SPA) attack on implementations of the AES key expansion. The attack reveals the secret key of AES software implementations on smart cards by exploiting the fact that the power consumption of most smart-card processors leaks information during the AES key expansion. The presented attack efficiently utilizes this information leakage to substantially ...

The overall contribution of cellular network operators to the entire human CO2 emissions is estimated at 2.5% in the U.S. [1]. Thereinto, about 60%− 80% originates from wireless base stations (BSs) [2]. As current cellular network architectures are designed to cope with peak load and degraded conditions, underutilization of them occurs most of the time. A recent study [3] shows that the average...

america’s invasion to iraq in march 2003 led to the collapsed of the baathist regimewas the beginning of a new era in relationship with iran. the demise of the baathistregime, created a unique opportunity for the islamic republic until expansion thepolitical and cultural power in iraq. iran's influence was evident in officialdiplomatic and cordial relations with the new iraqi government al...