a major hurdle in pharmaceutical formulation is water insolubility of most of drugs affecting their stability and bioavailability. if the drug is also insoluble in organic medium, it is difficult to deliver it in a sufficiently bioavailable form and hence it is a great challenge to formulation researchers to overcome such difficulty. although some approaches are available for enhancing the diss...

a typical radio frequency identification system (rfid) includes one reader and a number of tags. the reader transmit to commands to the tags with interrogation radio signals, and tags receive the command and then respond with their identification. readers with interrogation signals can read tags’ responses. in rfid systems, when multiple tags respond to one reader simultaneously, tag collision ...

one of the new technologies in the field of health is wearable biosensor, which provides vital signs monitoring of patients, athletes,premature infants, children, psychiatric patients, people who need long-term care, elderly, and people in impassable regions far from health and medical services. the aim of this study was to explain features and applications of wearable biosensors in medical ser...

reliability investigation has always been one of the most important issues in power systems planning. the outages rate in power system reflects the fact that more attentions should be paid on reliability indices to supply consumers with uninterrupted power. using reliability indices in economic dispatch problem may lead to the system load demand with high reliability and low probability of powe...

developed mobile information robot and smart meeting room.

There is some consensus among researchers that the first urban civi‐ lization labeled a ‘city’ was Sumer in the period 3,500–3,000 BC. The meaning of the word, however, has evolved with the advancement of technology. Adjec‐ tives such as digital, intelligent, and smart have been prefixed to ‘city’, to reflect the evolution. In this study, we pose the question: What makes a ‘Smart City’, as oppo...

This article argues that smart grid technologies enable policy‐makers and communities to successfully manage enduring energy policy concerns. It defines what ‘smart’ energy technologies, grids and policies mean, and then evaluates how the smart grid can enable policy‐makers to respond to an emerging energy ‘trilemma’. Drawing on case studies from the United States, the article suggests that the...

Traditional recommender systems as they are mostly used in today’s recommendation applications (e.g. the SMART Recommendations Engine of Fraunhofer FOKUS) primarily concentrate on recommending items to users. However, thinking of many modern (mobile) applications, contextual and semantic information may provide a significant preciseness to the recommendation process. That’s why, Fraunhofer FOKU...

This article presents the findings from classroom based research into the use of SMART Boards (interactive whiteboards) with kindergarten children. SMART Boards have been used successfully over the past 8years at Abbotsleigh Junior School innovative ways to enhance teaching and learning and facilitate assessment in primary Science. Key research findings are discussed along with some practical e...

The increasing demand for electricity has necessitated the introduction of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the development of the smart grid. Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are contributing technologies. In this paper, a review on AMI and WSN in the smart grid is carried out. Also, the introduction of WSNs with AMI in the in-home e...