OBJECTIVE There is no safe level of exposure to tobacco smoke. Thirdhand smoke is residual tobacco smoke contamination that remains after the cigarette is extinguished. Children are uniquely susceptible to thirdhand smoke exposure. The objective of this study was to assess health beliefs of adults regarding thirdhand smoke exposure of children and whether smokers and nonsmokers differ in those ...

We have produced a spectrum of limb defects in developing mouse embryos by exposing the mother to smoke from cigarettes with different nicotine concentrations, ethanol, and a combination of ethanol and cigarette smoke. The critical time of exposure was determined to be during day 10 of gestation (vaginal plug=day 0). This time is prior to the critical events which occur between the apical e...

The design of a novel volcano smoke antenna for UWB indoor applications is presented. The design method is based on a general description for the geometry of UWB monopole antennas which is capable of producing most possible shapes for these antennas. It is also compatible with different optimization methods. In addition to a volcano smoke antenna, this method is used to design two optimized mon...

Fire disaster is the major factor to endanger the public and environmental safety. People lost their life during fire disaster mainly be attributed to the dense smoke and toxic gas under combustion, which hinder the escape of people and the rescue of firefighters under fire disaster. The smoke suppression effect of several transitional metals oxide on the epoxy resin treated with intumescent fl...

The photoelectric smoke detector shows different levels of sensitivity to different fire types. The photoelectric detector generally is more sensitive to the gray smoke emitted by smoldering fires, and less sensitive to the black smoke emitted by flaming fires. To improve such a photoelectric detector, the light scattering phenomena by smoke particles have been studied, and numerical simulation...

A focus of this paper is a pixel level analysis and segmentation of smoke colored pixels for the automated forest fire detection. Variations in the smoke color tones, environmental illumination, atmospheric conditions and low quality of the images of wide outdoor area make smoke detection a complex task. In order to find an efficient combination of a color space and pixel level smoke segmentati...

OBJECTIVE To determine the extent of secondhand smoke exposure in China, and to explore the potential associated factors. METHODS This study was a nationally representative household survey examining secondhand smoke exposure of non-institutionalized men and women aged 15 and older using a global standardized geographically clustered sample design. A total of 13,354 people completed the indiv...

Alcohol use disorders are associated with increased lung infections and exacerbations of chronic lung diseases. Whereas the effects of cigarette smoke are well recognized, the interplay of smoke and alcohol in modulating lung diseases is not clear. Because innate lung defense is mechanically maintained by airway cilia action and protein kinase C (PKC)-activating agents slow ciliary beat frequen...

The mechanism(s) through which smoking influences the progression of atherosclerosis is poorly understood. Recent evidence suggests that oxidants present in the gas phase of cigarette smoke are involved. We exposed human plasma to the filtered gas phase of cigarette smoke to assess its effects on plasma components involved in the antiatherogenic reverse cholesterol transport pathway. In our mod...