Cancer is a genetic disease that is highly influenced by environmental factors. To determine the risk factors of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, two polymorphisms, solute carrier family 23 member 2 (SLC23A2-05 [rs4987219]) and v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS)-LCS6 (rs61764370), and environmental factors, including smoking and alcohol consumption, were st...

The literature shows an inconsistent relationship between lifestyle behaviors and metabolic syndrome (MetS), especially in the elderly. We designed this study to investigate the interrelationships among cigarette smoking, tea drinking and MetS, and to verify the factors associated with MetS in elderly males dwelling in rural community. In July 2010, with a whole community sampling method, 414 m...

The incidence of adenocarcinoma is increasing, particularly among females. We sought to assess the role of tobacco consumption in clinical presentation according to sex. In this retrospective study, 848 patients diagnosed between 1997 and 2006 at Grenoble University Hospital (Grenoble, France) were stratified into four groups according to smoking habits. Differences between sexes and two contra...

Tobacco smoking is said to have been started in Asia first in the Philippine Islands by the Spaniards and from there it spread to China in the beginning of the seventeenth century. It would appear that in the early days of tobacco smoking various substances were mixed with it either to counteract its unpleasant effects or to strengthen the pleasant ones. Arsenic was one of these substances and ...

Smoking is one of the most common habits in world. Due to harmful substances contained it cigarette disturb people’s health and causes their death. Every year, many people lose from smoking or by direct exposure cigarettes. In this study, we conducted a new application stability analysis related fractional model use. This consists three compartments: potential smokers (P), (S) defi-nitely quitt...

background: many adult smokers initiate the smoking habit during adolescence or as young adults. so prevention of cigarette use among adolescents has been recognized as an important public health priority around worldwide.  the purpose of this study was to measure theory of planned behavior (tpb) constructs regarding cigarette use among the adolescents. methods: this study was a cross-sectional...

BACKGROUND Few studies have investigated the relationship between smoking and health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and the results are not consistent. The aim of this study is to explore the association between smoking and HRQOL. METHOD Cross-sectional study of 714 Spanish adults (44.7% never smokers and 55.3% smokers) without diagnosis of physical or mental disorder. Each participant prov...