The problem of tin (Sn) whiskers has been a significant reliability issue in electronics for the past several decades. Despite the large amount of research conducted on this issue, a solution for mitigating the growth of whiskers remains a challenge for the research community. Whiskers have unpredictable growth and morphology, and a study of a whisker’s internal structure may provide further in...


 DFT calculations were performed for triphenyltin(IV) 5-chlorosalicylate (1) in gas phase using Firefly QC package. Quantum mechanical demonstrate that both the carboxylate oxygens of ligand are connected with tin(IV) center a bidentate fashion 1. The phenyl group precursor and COOSn moiety coplanar. calculated ELUMO EHOMO values describe comparative electron accepting donating abilities....

Tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) films with Sn/In atomic ratios in the range 0-0.1 were synthesized by electrochemically assisted deposition (EAD). The process involves a fast one-step cathodic deposition of a highly crystalline In-Sn hydroxide (InSnOH) film followed by thermal conversion into ITO at 300 C. The cathodic precipitation of InSnOH is preceded by formation of an In-Sn complex in solutio...

The reaction of Cp*Sn[OTf] (Cp* = C 5 Me ; OTf O 3 SCF ) with one equivalent IPrNLi (IPrN bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolin-2-iminato) resulted in the binuclear [OTf]-bridged tin complex 1 . Similarly, [BF 4 ]-bridged bimetallic 2 was synthesized by Cp*Sn[BF ] (1 eq.). It also possible to prepare from via an anion exchange reaction. high-yield conversion into iodostannylene [IPrNSnI] accompl...

Adipogenesis, in which mesenchymal precursor cells differentiate into mature adipocytes, is a well orchestrated process. In the present study we identified Tudor-SN as a novel co-activator of the transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). We provide the first evidence that Tudor-SN and PPARγ exist in the same complex. Both are up-regulated by the early factor C/E...

The problem to represent very complex systems has been studied by several authors obtaining solu tions based on di erent data structures In this paper aK dimensional tree Multirresolution Kdtree MKtree is introduced The MKtree represents a hierarchical subdivision of the scene objects that guarantees a minimum space overlap between node regions MKtrees are useful for collision detec tion and fo...

Secretoneurin (SN) is a novel bioactive peptide that derives from the neuroendocrine protein secretogranin II (SgII) by proteolytic processing and participates in neuro-immune communication. The neuropeptide pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP-38) dose-dependently stimulates (EC(50) approximately 3 nM) SN release (up to 4-fold) and SgII gene expression (up to 60-fold) in c...