Sniffing and whisking typify the exploratory behavior of rodents. These actions involve separate oscillators in the medulla, located respectively in the pre-Bötzinger complex (preBötC) and the vibrissa-related region of the intermediate reticular formation (vIRt). We examine how these oscillators synergize to control sniffing and whisking. We find that the vIRt contains glycinergic/GABAergic ce...

This work attempts to provide a way of scrutinizing the security robustness Wi-Fi implementations in an automated fashion. To this end, our knowledge, we contribute first full-featured and extensible fuzzer. At time writing, tool, made publicly available as open source, covers IEEE 802.11 management control frame types provides separate module for pair messages Simultaneous Authentication Equal...

In this article we deal with the issue of network traffic monitoring in large multi-channel wireless IoT networks. Assuming known link conditions on all radio channels, i.e. connectivity matrix defined through Packet Delivery Ratio frequencies and links between nodes, propose two methods for defining number positions sniffer devices, goal to maximize capture traffic. Method I is based probabili...

The ‘dear enemy phenomenon’ (DEP) is a form of neighbour–stranger discrimination in which resident territorial individuals respond less agonistically to intrusions by known neighbouring conspecifics than they do to strangers. We tested philopatric female yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventris) for the presence of DEP. We hypothesized that dominant females discriminated between the anal gl...

Although wireless networks are spreading quickly nowadays, we find wired Ethernet networks in most institutes, offices and homes. This way most PCs are connected to an Ethernet network. Ethernet networks can be eavesdropped. The act of eavesdropping a network is called sniffing. Sniffing an Ethernet network does not require any special hardware or particularly advanced computer knowledge. Many ...

Malacostracan crustaceans capture odours using arrays of chemosensory hairs (aesthetascs) on antennules. Lobsters and stomatopods have sparse aesthetascs on long antennules that flick with a rapid downstroke when water flows between the aesthetascs and a slow return stroke when water is trapped within the array (sniffing). Changes in velocity only cause big differences in flow through an array ...

Behavioral effects of intra-accumbens administration of the dopamine DAi receptor agonist (3,4-dihydroxyphenylimino)-2-imidazoline (DPI) were studied in freely moving rats. Three distinct areas were examined: core, shell and "shore," namely, the border region of the core and shell. DPI (5 micrograms) administered into the shell, but not areas ventral to the shell, increased chewing, tongue prot...