Abstract Research and research programmes have explicitly demanded to seek solutions today’s societal challenges emphasised the importance of addressing needs ethical questions in development (e.g. Owen Pansera 2019). Since new sciences emerging technologies are mostly embedded fields conflicting interests high complexity, there is a need for multi-actor decision processes, including actors wid...

in this research paper, we applied rituals of social drama processes to find out symbols, decoding and signs in the manegh-al-tair. in our analysis we discovered that birds, instead of humans, are acting as players in the social stage. each of these birds possess some particular characteristics and social statuses, which are attributed to the humans who lived in the attar time (age). to offer m...