The extraction of hemicelluloses, which otherwise would be wasted in the black liquor, can be integrated with chemical pulping processes in a biorefinery approach that will generate a sugar-rich feedstock for production of fuels and chemicals. Extractions of hemicelluloses from sugarcane bagasse under dilute sulphuric acid or mild alkaline conditions were performed, using a central composite ex...

We measured the generation of hydroxyl radical (OH(.)) and oxidative DNA lesions in aerobically grown Escherichia coli cells lacking in both superoxide dismutases (SodA SodB) and repressor of iron uptake (Fur) using electroparamagnetic resonance and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with a selected-ion monitoring method. A specific signal corresponding to OH(.) generation and an increase in ...

In response to antibiotics, bacteria activate regulatory systems that control the expression of genes that participate in detoxifying these compounds, like multidrug efflux systems. We previously demonstrated that the BaeSR two-component system from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) participates in the detection of ciprofloxacin, a bactericidal antibiotic, and in the posi...

Service Based Systems, composed of Web Services (WSs), offer promising solutions to software development problems for companies. Like other software artefacts, WSs evolve due to the changed user requirements and execution contexts, which may introduce poor solutions—Antipatterns—may cause (1) degradation of design and quality of service (QoS) and (2) difficult maintenance and evolution. Thus, t...

introduction: pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines   such as mcp-1 and il6 can activate microglial cells that has found in some neuro-inflammatory disorders. hypoxia activates cerebral endothelial cells to release these pro-inflammatory mediators. we aimed to investigate the anti-hypoxic effects of different doses of some gabaergic agents. materials and methods: we randomly divided 150 mic...

this study was carried out to determine the effect of fermentation, hydrothermal treatment, soda (na2co3), and table salt (nacl) addition on the extent of phytase activity and phytate degradation in three iranian wheat cultivars, namely, mahdavi, ghods, and roshan. the samples were milled to three different extraction rates, i.e. whole, 85%, and 75% flours and three kinds of leavening procedure...

enterococci are important because of their role as the leading cause of nosocomial infections which have a significant role in the dissemination and persistence of antimicrobial resistance genes. methods: in this study, we determined the distribution of enterococcal species in the sewage treatment plants in iran. furthermore, we improved a rapid and specific pcr method using primers (soda and d...

Technical soda lignin dissolved in urea as an environmental friendly binder in wood fiberboard Hongli Zhu, Yuanyuan Li, Bert Pettersson, Liming Zhang, Mikael Lindström & Gunnar Henriksson To cite this article: Hongli Zhu, Yuanyuan Li, Bert Pettersson, Liming Zhang, Mikael Lindström & Gunnar Henriksson (2014) Technical soda lignin dissolved in urea as an environmental friendly binder in wood fib...

This article is part of a series of Policy Issues articles on Soda Tax. You can also find articles on Should Soft Drinks be Taxed More Heavily?, Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Taxation as Public Health Policy-Lessons from Tobacco, Soda Taxes and Substitution Effects: Will Obesity be Affected?, Better Milk than Cola: Soft Drink Taxes and Substitution Effects, Evaluating Excise Taxes: The Need to Consi...

This work presents a comparative analysis of top gate a-IGZO TFTs fabricated on both soda-lime-silica glass and alkali-free borosilicate glass. Low-temperature ALD is selected for the deposition of gate dielectric to minimize a thermal stress. Comparing with TFTs on alkali-free borosilicate glass, TFTs with soda-lime-glass show similar threshold voltage and subthreshold swing, but slightly degr...